2025 General Assembly Report: Results for Working Families on the Eastern Shore

Jared Schablein, Shore Progress • April 22, 2025


The 447th legislative session of the Maryland General Assembly adjourned on April 8. This End of Session Report highlights the work Shore Progress has done to fight for working families and bring real results home to the Shore.

 

Over the 90-day session, lawmakers debated 1,901 bills and passed 878 into law. Shore Progress and members supported legislation that delivers for the Eastern Shore, protecting our environment, expanding access to housing and healthcare, strengthening workers’ rights, and more.

 

Shore Progress Supported Legislation By The Numbers:

  • Over 60 pieces of our backed legislation were passed.
  • Another 15 passed in one Chamber but not the other.


Legislation details are below, past the budget section.

 

The 2026 Maryland State Budget

 

How We Got Here: Maryland’s budget problems didn’t start overnight. They began under Governor Larry Hogan. Governor Hogan expanded the state budget yearly but blocked the legislature from moving money around or making common-sense changes. Instead of fixing the structural issues, Hogan used federal covid relief funds to hide the cracks and drained our state’s savings from $5.5 billion to $2.3 billion to boost his image before leaving office.

 

How Trump/Musk Made It Worse: Maryland is facing a new fiscal crisis driven by the Trump–Musk administration, whose trade wars, tariff policies, and deep federal cuts have hit us harder than most, costing the state over 30,000 jobs, shuttering offices, and erasing promised investments. A University of Maryland study estimates Trump’s tariffs alone could cost us $2 billion, and those federal cuts have already added $300 million to our budget deficit. Covid aid gave us a short-term boost and even created a fake surplus under Hogan, but that money is gone, while housing, healthcare, and college prices keep rising. The Trump–Musk White House is only making things worse by slashing funding, gutting services, and eliminating research that Marylanders rely on.

 

How The State Budget Fixes These Issues: This year, Maryland faced a $3 billion budget gap, and the General Assembly fixed it with a smart mix of cuts and fair new revenue, while protecting working families, schools, and health care.

 

The 2025 Budget cuts $1.9 billion ($400 million less than last year) without gutting services people rely on. The General Assembly raised $1.2 billion in fair new revenue, mostly from the wealthiest Marylanders.

 

The Budget ended with a $350 million surplus, plus $2.4 billion saved in the Rainy Day Fund (more than 9% of general fund revenue), which came in $7 million above what the Spending Affordability Committee called for. The budget protects funding for our schools, health care, transit, and public workers.

 

The budget delivers real wins:

  • $800 million more annually for transit and infrastructure, plus $500 million for long-term transportation needs.
  • It invests $9.7 billion in public schools and boosts local education aid by $572.5 million, a 7% increase.
  • If current revenue trends hold, no new taxes will be needed next session.
  • Even better, 94% of Marylanders will see a tax cut or no change, while only the wealthiest 5% will finally pay their fair share.

 

The tax system is smarter now. We’re:

  • Taxing IT and data services like Texas and D.C. do;
  • Raising taxes on cannabis and sports betting, not groceries or medicine; and
  • Letting counties adjust income taxes.

 

The budget also restores critical funding:

  • $122 million for teacher planning
  • $15 million for cancer research
  • $11 million for crime victims
  • $7 million for local business zones, and
  • Continued support for public TV, the arts, and BCCC

 

The budget invests in

  • People with disabilities, with $181 million in services
  • Growing private-sector jobs with $139 million in funding, including $27.5 million for quantum tech, $16 million for the Sunny Day Fund, and $10 million for infrastructure loans.

 

Health care is protected for 1.5 million Marylanders, with $15.6 billion for Medicaid and higher provider pay.

 

Public safety is getting a boost too, with $60 million for victim services, $5.5 million for juvenile services, and $5 million for parole and probation staffing.

 

This budget also tackles climate change with $100 million for clean energy and solar projects, and $200 million in potential ratepayer relief.

 

Public workers get a well-deserved raise, with $200 million in salary increases, including a 1% COLA and ~2.5% raises for union workers.

 

The ultra-wealthy will finally chip in to pay for it:

  • People earning over $750,000 will pay more,
  • Millionaires will pay 6.5%, and
  • Capital gains over $350,000 get a 2% surcharge.

 

Deductions are capped for high earners, but working families can still deduct student loans, medical debt, and donations.

 

This budget is bold, fair, and built to last. That’s why Shore Progress proudly supports it.



Click on the arrows below for details in each section. 


  • Energy Bills

    HB 1035: Next Generation Energy Act

    This bill protects working families from unfair rate hikes and stops utilities from sneaking in shady charges. It blocks backdoor price hikes and saves ratepayers $40 million. Gas companies can only charge for real safety needs, not wasteful projects. Utilities have to justify outsourcing and can't make us pay for things like trade groups or private jets. Big users like data centers will now pay their fair share so regular folks don’t get stuck with the bill.


    It also gives $200 million in direct relief to Maryland families, once in the summer and once in the winter, and locks in long-term help. As dirty power plants shut down, Maryland will speed up clean energy like solar, nuclear, and storage, while teaming up with nearby states to cut costs. And we’re making energy help easier to get for low-income families by combining programs and cutting red tape.


    HB 1036: Renewable Energy Certainty Act

    This bill makes sure Maryland stays a leader in clean energy while protecting our communities, land, and people from bad deals and bad actors. These bills create statewide rules for solar and battery storage projects so we can grow clean energy the right way. Right now, some counties block solar with unfair zoning laws. This bill stops that. It makes sure that if a solar project meets all the safety and environmental rules, it can’t be denied for political reasons. Solar developers and local governments worked together to write the siting rules, so it’s balanced and fair.


    The bill also sets standards for where our state can build battery storage projects and how they’re reviewed. If the battery site isn’t in a commercial or industrial area, it has to follow extra safety and screening rules, and the project has to go through a strong public review process. At the same time, it makes building small-scale, community solar easier by giving those projects their own fast-track approval process, separate from big utility plans.


    Best of all, this bill protects homeowners. Solar companies can’t take advantage of people anymore. The law requires a 5-year full warranty for rooftop solar systems. People have to be told how well their solar system should perform before they buy it, and all rooftop solar installers now have to get a license through the Maryland Department of Labor to prove they know what they’re doing. 


    HB 1037: Energy Resource Adequacy and Planning Act

    This bill creates a brand new, independent office inside Maryland’s Public Service Commission called the Strategic Energy Planning Office. Right now, a lot of our energy planning relies on PJM, the regional grid operator. However, PJM doesn’t always put Maryland first. This new office makes sure our state gets real facts and honest answers about our energy needs, without relying on outside companies that don’t always have our back.


    Every three years, the office will release a major report looking at the risks to our energy system, like how reliable it is, what it costs, and whether we have enough power to meet demand. They’ll use data, forecasts, and expert modeling to figure out what’s coming and how to handle it in ways that protect Maryland families from rising prices and power outages. The public will get a chance to speak up before the report becomes final, and the PSC will hold a public hearing to decide next steps based on what the report finds.



  • Housing Bills

    HB 36: Department of Aging — Aging Services — Program Repeal and Consolidation

    This bill is all about giving seniors the support they deserve in one simple, streamlined way. It cuts out red tape by ending outdated programs and replacing them with a single, easy-to-use system run by the Maryland Department of Aging. This new setup ensures every older adult in Maryland has one clear place to get the help they need, whether it's for housing, food, medical care, transportation, or other services.


    The bill creates “one-stop shop” entry points in every region so older adults and their caregivers can get info, apply for services, and get help navigating the system. It also allows local agencies and nonprofits to team up with the state to ensure services are delivered where people live. Most importantly, this law ensures the system is built with older adults, not just for them. Transition planning and personal care assessments are required to support people during the shift.


    HB 80: Transit-Oriented Development

    Maryland is experiencing a housing crisis, and this bill would have strengthened housing construction and mixed-use development within half a mile of rail stations on high-frequency rail corridors in our state by removing outdated parking mandates and zoning barriers near rail stations.


    It would set non-binding housing development targets and proposed creating a commission to help jurisdictions meet those targets.


    This bill would help build more housing where people commute, cutting down on car use and expanding access to jobs and services. Unfortunately, the bill passed the House but died in the Senate. We will push for this again next year.


    HB 273: Residential Leases — Late Payment Penalties — Calculation

    This bill protects renters by capping late fees at 5% of unpaid rent, not the full amount due. That means if someone is short one month, they won’t be hit with unfair penalties that make it even harder to recover.


    For the Shore, where wages are low and rent keeps rising, this helps working families stay afloat. It gives people a real chance to catch up without getting trapped in a cycle of debt or eviction.


    HB 390: Affordable Housing Payment In Lieu of Taxes Expansion Act 

    This bill creates powerful incentives for property owners to preserve and expand affordable rental units. It allows counties to negotiate Payment In Lieu of Taxes (PILOT) agreements for properties that dedicate at least 25% of their units to affordability for 15 years or more. The bill doesn’t just set a floor, it empowers local governments to go further, giving them the flexibility to require even higher affordable housing targets.


    With this bill passed into law, a strong new tool has been added to the toolbox to increase and protect affordable housing statewide, especially on the Eastern Shore.


    HB 503: Housing Production Act

    Maryland is in a housing crisis, and for working families on the Shore, it's getting harder and harder to find a place to live they can afford. HB 503 would have changed that by setting real housing production goals for every part of the state and creating a new commission to help local governments get the job done. This bill focused on building more housing near jobs, schools, and transit — the kind of smart growth we need to keep communities thriving without pushing people out.


    This was one of the strongest tools introduced this year to increase housing access, and it passed the House with our full support. But on the last night of the session, Sine Die, the Senate killed it by amending all the good provisions like Vested Rights from the bill.


    We’re angry, and we’re not letting this go. We’ll be back next session to fight even harder.


    HB 767: Tenant Possessions Recovery Act

    No one should lose everything just because they fell behind on rent. HB 767 makes Maryland’s eviction process more fair and humane by requiring landlords to give tenants 14 days’ notice before an eviction happens and 10 days to retrieve their belongings afterward. For too long, renters on the Shore and across Maryland have faced sudden eviction with no time to prepare and no chance to recover their possessions. This bill brings us in line with our neighbors and gives working families a fighting chance to land on their feet.


    HB 1193: Maryland Housing Data Transparency Act

    Maryland is in a housing crisis, but we can’t solve what we don’t measure. 


    HB 1193 gives us the tools to finally get the data we need to address the housing shortage head-on. Starting in 2027, counties must report each quarter on the number and types of homes being built, including location, approval times, and construction costs. Municipalities can report too. Then, the Department of Planning will publish all this data in one public, easy-to-use website so everyone can see where progress is happening and where it’s being blocked.


    This bill helps state and local leaders, community groups, and residents push for smarter, faster solutions by making housing development data transparent and accessible. On the Shore, this will highlight how slow permitting and outdated zoning are holding back the homes we need. With better data, we can fight harder for policy changes that deliver results.


    HB 1466: Accessory Dwelling Units 

    HB1466 officially makes it Maryland's policy to promote and encourage the creation of accessory dwelling units, sometimes called “Granny Flats.” This kind of small, flexible housing helps families stay together and tackles our statewide housing shortage head-on.


    The bill also establishes a framework for quarterly reporting of housing development data to the Maryland Department of Planning. All that information will be available on a public, interactive website, helping us understand where housing is and isn’t getting built. This is about solving the housing crisis with facts, not fear.



  • Economic & Workforce Bills

    HB 0176: Davis Martinez Public Employee Safety and Health Act

    Named in honor of a Maryland Department of Corrections employee whom a parolee killed, this bill is about one thing: protecting the people who protect us.


    HB 176 makes our workplaces safer by expanding protections for public workers, especially correctional officers. It requires real safety standards, training, and regular inspections. It sets clear rules to stop workplace violence before it happens. It also lets correctional officers use body cameras, with strong rules for privacy, data storage, and use.


    If a state or local agency breaks the rules, it will face real consequences. The fines will go straight into apprenticeship and training programs that help more workers succeed. Every public employee deserves a safe and respectful workplace, no matter where they serve.


    HB 193: Uninsured Employers' Fund — Assessments and Special Monitor

    HB 193 ensures Maryland workers' protection even when their bosses don’t play by the rules. This bill gives the Uninsured Employers’ Fund more financial strength and accountability by adjusting how employers and insurers collect assessments when workers are hurt on the job. It increases the reserves and allows the fund to collect more money when needed, ensuring it can cover future claims.


    It also creates a special independent monitor to review how the fund is managed and make recommendations for improvement. If a company dodges workers’ comp laws, this bill ensures their leadership can’t hide behind paperwork, and they’ll be held accountable.


    This bill concerns fairness, safety, and ensuring that injured workers aren’t left behind because their boss didn’t follow the law.


    HB 228: Maryland Veterans Trust — Assistance to Members of the Maryland National Guard

    This new law expands the Maryland Veterans Trust Fund to include members of the Maryland National Guard and their families. It allows the Fund to offer grants and loans directly to Guard members who need help, especially in times of financial stress or emergency.


    Whether it’s helping a family stay in their home, covering a medical expense, or getting through a tough deployment, this bill ensures our state shows up for those who show up for us. The Guard has always had our backs, and Maryland is stepping up to have theirs.


    HB 500: Procurement Reform Act of 2025

    This bill reforms how Maryland awards state contracts better to support small businesses, workers, and diversity. It raises the small business set-aside limit to $1 million, giving more local companies a real chance to compete for public contracts. That’s a big deal for small businesses on the Shore and across the state.


    It also rewards companies that treat their workers right, follow strong labor standards, and invest in their people. Every bidder now has to submit a plan for workforce and supplier diversity. The bill speeds up payments to small businesses, boosts support for veteran-owned businesses, and encourages internship and apprenticeship opportunities to grow the next generation of Maryland’s workforce.


    HB 502: Maryland as a Model Employer Act 

    This bill creates the new Office of Disability Employment Advancement & Policy to help more Marylanders with disabilities get good jobs in state government. For too long, people with disabilities have faced unfair barriers to employment. HB 502 changes that.


    It sets real goals for hiring, keeping, and promoting workers with disabilities so that our state workforce looks more like the people it serves. Everyone deserves a fair shot at a stable, rewarding career, and this bill helps make that happen.


    HB 601: Small Business Guaranty Fund

    This bill makes it easier for small businesses to get the financing they need to grow, hire, and thrive. It expands how the Maryland Small Business Development Financing Authority can guarantee loans under the Small Business Guaranty Fund. That means more tools to back up small businesses when they apply for credit, including escrow accounts, letters of credit, and other financial instruments.


    This reform helps break down the barriers that often keep local entrepreneurs from accessing capital. It also ensures that the loan terms aren’t so strict that they scare lenders away. By strengthening the Fund and prioritizing loans that create jobs and deliver tangible economic impact, this bill gives Maryland small businesses, especially those on the Shore, a better shot at success.


    HB 1144: State Public Transit Service and Stations — Exclusion for Assault and Bodily Injury  

    This bill protects hardworking transit operators, like bus drivers, from harm on the job. It authorizes the MTA to create policies banning disorderly and violent people from using transit. The Amalgamated Transit Workers Union prioritized this bill, and I helped it become law.


    HB 1424: Protect Our Federal Workers Act

    The Trump–Musk regime has launched a cruel and chaotic assault on federal workers, unlawfully firing thousands and throwing paychecks, pensions, and careers into jeopardy. This bill is Maryland’s fight-back plan.


    HB 1424 strengthens the Federal Government Employee Assistance Loan Fund so that workers hit by unpaid furloughs, mass layoffs, or agency shutdowns can access zero-interest loans. It gives the Attorney General the power to sue the federal government on behalf of workers wrongfully fired or denied their pay and benefits. It also creates the Expedited Hiring Program to help displaced federal workers quickly transition into state jobs where their skills are needed. It also helps communities track and prevent foreclosures where these job losses hit hardest.


    This crisis is personal for the Shore: Cecil County is home to 2,920 federal workers. Wicomico has 283, Talbot 209, Worcester 211, Dorchester 194, Queen Anne’s 133, Caroline 65, Kent 61, and Somerset 49. When these jobs are attacked, our entire region feels the hit.


    Progressives in Annapolis won’t back down. We will always defend our workers, our families, and our future.



  • Education Bills

    HB 161: County Boards of Education — Curriculum Guides and Courses of Study — Discrepancies

    Every kid deserves a safe, healthy, and inclusive school where they can learn to thrive. House Bill 161 helps make that happen by modernizing health education in Maryland schools. It ensures that every local school system teaches age-appropriate lessons about mental health, gender identity, sexual orientation, and how to stay safe online.


    This is about protecting all our kids, especially LGBTQ students who are more likely to face bullying or feel unsafe. When schools teach respect, inclusion, and emotional wellness, students improve, and communities strengthen. Studies prove that inclusive lessons help reduce harassment and create safer school environments for everyone.


    The pandemic made it clear that mental health is just as important as physical health. HB161 responds to that need and ensures students know how to care for their well-being, ask for help, and support each other. At a time when the Trump administration is targeting LGBTQ people, this bill gives Maryland students the protection and education they need, no matter who they are or where they live.


    HB 504: Excellence in Maryland Public Schools Act 

    This bill puts real money and action behind our commitment to strong public schools. It boosts funding for the Blueprint for Maryland’s Future, launches a national teacher recruitment campaign to bring more great educators into our classrooms, and creates the Academic Excellence Program to tackle urgent needs in schools nationwide.


    It also strengthens support for high-poverty schools, including many right here on the Eastern Shore, and backs community programs that help our kids and families daily.


    Every child deserves an excellent education, no matter their zip code. This bill brings us closer to that promise.


    HB 1442: Juveniles — Truancy Reduction Pilot Programs Report 

    Every kid deserves a chance to succeed, starting with ensuring they’re in school. HB 1442 strengthens Maryland’s response to truancy by making the courts report more information about local Truancy Reduction Pilot Programs. That includes the number of programs, the number of students in them, the outcomes, and what changes might help them work better.


    This is especially important for the Eastern Shore, where many families face barriers to school attendance. We can make these programs stronger and more effective with better data and real accountability. Every student counts, and HB 1442 helps make sure no one falls through the cracks.



  • Public Safety Bills

    HB 01/SB 07: See Someone, Save Someone Act

    This bill helps protect people from human trafficking by ensuring Maryland transportation workers know how to spot warning signs and take action. The Maryland Department of Transportation will now train workers at transit stations, airports, ports, and highway rest stops on how to recognize and report trafficking. The training will happen during regular work hours and give workers the tools to help victims safely and quickly.


    To protect those who speak up, the bill ensures that workers who report in good faith can’t be sued or charged. It also ensures that public service announcements are played regularly in English and Spanish at transportation hubs across the state, so more people know how to get help. This law is about safety, awareness, and giving everyday Marylanders the power to fight back against exploitation.


    HB 853: Maryland Second Look Act

    This bill gives people a second chance. If they were sentenced between the ages of 18 and 25 and have already served at least 20 years, they can ask a judge to reconsider their sentence. It doesn’t mean they’ll automatically get out; it just means they get a hearing.


    The judge must notify victims, listen to both sides, and consider important things like how the person has acted in prison and the crime. The judge can only change the sentence if they believe the person is no longer a threat and deserves another chance.


    People who were sentenced to life without parole, committed sexual offenses, or killed a first responder in the line of duty aren’t eligible. This law is about fairness, redemption, and keeping our communities safe.


    HB 179/SB 11: Organized Retail Theft Act of 2025

    Retail theft has become more organized and dangerous, with groups stealing large amounts of goods across multiple counties. HB179 cracks down on these schemes by treating coordinated thefts as one serious crime, even if they happen in different counties.


    If someone or a group steals over $1,500 worth of goods from stores within 90 days, whether to resell, return for cash, or trade for profit, they can now face serious felony charges, depending on how much was taken. Those convicted must also pay the victims back.


    The bill also ensures prosecutors can connect these thefts and allows judges to officially recognize when a crime was part of organized retail theft. This helps law enforcement track and stop big theft operations while protecting small businesses and communities.


    HB 205: Employment Standards — Firefighters — Payment of Wages and Payroll Information

    HB 205 would have ensured firefighters were paid fairly and on time. It would have required counties and towns to give firefighters clear pay information and ensure overtime was calculated based on the long, demanding shifts they work. If a firefighter didn’t get their full pay, they or their union could file a grievance and receive damages. It would also strengthen transparency and accountability in local government payroll systems.


    Shore Progress proudly backs our firefighters, whether it’s fighting for fair labor standards here in Salisbury or across the state. This bill passed the House of Delegates, but we’re disappointed it died in the Senate. We’ll keep fighting until our frontline heroes get the protections and pay they deserve.



  • Healthcare Bills

    HB 11: Health Insurance — Access to Nonparticipating Providers — Referrals, Additional Assistance, and Coverage

    House Bill 11 makes it easier for Marylanders to access mental health and substance use care when in-network providers aren’t available. It removes the expiration date on a law requiring insurance companies to help patients find out-of-network specialists when they can’t find timely care.


    Under this bill, insurers must step in, help arrange coverage, and ensure patients aren't stuck with higher costs just because a provider isn't on their approved list. The bill also bans unnecessary red tape for approved out-of-network mental health and substance use services and requires clear, upfront information for patients about their options. Shore Progress supports HB 11 because getting help shouldn’t depend on whether your provider is on a list; it should depend on what you need to get better.


    HB 31: Consumer Protection — Right to Repair — Powered Wheelchairs

    House Bill 31 is about dignity, access, and fairness. It gives people who use powered wheelchairs the legal right to repair their own equipment or go to independent repair shops. Right now, only manufacturers and their partners can fix certain parts of a wheelchair, and they don’t always do it quickly or affordably.


    This bill changes that by requiring manufacturers to share the tools, parts, and information needed to make common repairs, things like batteries, wheels, and joysticks, on fair terms. It also includes consumer protections so people can’t be punished for fixing what they own.


    Shore Progress proudly supports the right to repair, especially for Marylanders with disabilities who deserve control over their own mobility.


    HB 214: Human Services — Maryland Assistive Technology Program — Establishment

    House Bill 214 creates the Maryland Assistive Technology Program to make sure people with disabilities can access the devices and services they need to live, work, and thrive. This new program, run by the Department of Disabilities, will offer assessments, training, and loans for assistive tech devices like speech tools, mobility equipment, or digital accessibility support. The bill also creates a dedicated fund to support the program’s work, using state dollars and federal grants from the 21st Century Assistive Technology Act. Shore Progress supports this bill because everyone deserves the tools to live with independence and dignity.


    HB 268: Hospital Financial Assistance & Debt Policies

    House Bill 268 significantly improves how hospitals in Maryland handle medical debt. It expands financial help, gives patients more time and information to apply for assistance, and prevents hospitals from suing patients over small debts. It also lowers monthly medical debt payments and provides strong protections for patients’ homes, wages, and credit scores.


    Under this new law, hospitals must reduce out-of-pocket costs for patients with incomes up to 500% of the federal poverty line. It also bans lawsuits against patients with less than $500 in medical debt and requires hospitals to offer fair, income-based payment plans before taking legal action. Patients have 240 days to apply for financial assistance and can’t be charged interest unless a judge approves it.


    Shore Progress proudly supports this bill. It protects working families, reins in hospital abuse, and ensures that no one loses their home or ends up in court simply for getting sick.


    HB 297: Maryland Health Benefit Exchange — State-Based Young Adult Health Insurance Subsidies Pilot Program — Sunset Repeal 

    House Bill 297 permanently establishes Maryland’s successful health insurance subsidy program for young adults. Thanks to this program, over 64,000 Marylanders between the ages of 18 and 37 can access health coverage, many for the first time. HB297 removes the sunset date and secures full funding through 2028, ensuring this help doesn’t disappear just when people need it most.


    The bill allows the Maryland Health Benefit Exchange to continue providing subsidies for young adults, particularly those who don’t qualify for help through other programs. It also ensures 100% premium coverage for those with no expected contribution under federal income guidelines.


    Shore Progress supports this law because healthcare is a human right, and young people deserve affordable, reliable coverage like everyone else. This program works, and it will keep working.


    HB 424: Lowering Prescription Drug Costs for All Marylanders Now Act

    This session, we proudly supported HB 424, the Lowering Prescription Drug Costs for All Marylanders Now Act. Prescription drugs are too expensive, and Maryland families are paying the price. This bill empowers the Prescription Drug Affordability Board to take real action, not just study the problem, but finally do something about it. With HB 424, the Board can set upper payment limits on high-cost medications for state and local governments and publicly funded programs like Medicaid.


    That’s a big deal. It means lower costs for millions of Marylanders and a powerful new tool to fight Big Pharma's price-gouging. This is how we start putting people over profits — by standing up to corporate interests and putting the health of our communities first. Shore Progress will keep fighting until no one has to choose between medicine and rent.


    HB 438: Medical Debt Real Property Liens 

    HB 438 protects Maryland homeowners by prohibiting creditors from placing a lien on someone’s primary residence to collect outpatient medical debt.

    These types of liens can trap families in a financial crisis, making it impossible to refinance a mortgage, secure a home repair loan, or access credit, often at the exact time they’re dealing with serious illness. HB 438 ensures that no one loses financial security or access to their home just because they got sick.


    HB 869: Preserve Telehealth Access Act of 2025

    This bill proposes removing the time limitation on the requirement for the Maryland Medical Assistance Program and certain insurers to provide reimbursement for health care services delivered via telehealth. It also seeks to eliminate the restriction on health care practitioners prescribing specific controlled dangerous substances for pain treatment through telehealth.


    HB 930: Public Health Abortion Grant Program — Establishment

    This bill creates a new grant program within the Maryland Department of Health to expand access to abortion care clinical services. It establishes the Public Health Abortion Grant Program Fund as a special, nonlapsing fund to support these grants.


    The bill also requires certain premium funds collected by health insurance carriers to be used to improve abortion care access and coverage under specific circumstances.


    HB 1020: The Fair Medical Debt Reporting Act 

    HB 1020 prohibits credit reporting agencies from including medical debt in consumer reports and bars any person from using medical debt to determine a person’s creditworthiness. The bill also prohibits hospitals and collection entities from disclosing any part of a medical debt to a credit reporting agency. All contracts for medical debt collection must include this restriction, or they are void and unenforceable.


    The bill applies regardless of when the debt was incurred or whether it is current or paid off. It ensures that Marylanders are not unfairly penalized for medical bills and aligns hospital collection practices with consumer protection standards.


    HB 1045: Health Insurance & Family Planning Services — Consumer Protections Updates

    HB 1045 updates state insurance law to reflect changes in federal standards around family planning services, grandfathered health plans, and required disclosures like explanations of benefits. It clarifies that the Maryland Insurance Commissioner and the Maryland Commission on Civil Rights can enforce consumer protections in these areas.


    The bill also strengthens privacy protections by updating the definitions of “legally protected health care” and “sensitive health services” to include gender-affirming care, ensuring this information is safeguarded when disclosed.


    HB 1440: Courts — Parental Accommodations

    HB 1440 modernizes Maryland’s courts by removing unnecessary barriers for caregivers and families. It requires that all newly constructed or significantly renovated circuit courthouses provide a private lactation room for both employees and members of the public. It also allows breastfeeding mothers and individuals responsible for the care of young children to request an excusal from jury duty, helping ensure no one is forced to choose between parenting and civic obligations. The bill requires the Judiciary to track and report data on excusal requests and outcomes, increasing transparency and equity in the jury selection process. HB 1440 strengthens access to justice by making the court system more inclusive, trauma-informed, and family-friendly.


  • Environmental Bills

    HB 4: Restrictions on Use — Solar Collector Systems — Alteration

    HB 4 strengthens Maryland homeowners' rights to install rooftop solar by limiting unreasonable restrictions that drive up cost or reduce efficiency. Specifically, this bill prohibits restrictions on solar systems that would increase installation costs by 5% or more or reduce projected energy output by at least 10%. It empowers homeowners to challenge these restrictions with certified documentation from solar design professionals.


    The bill also gives community associations clearer authority to regulate solar systems in shared common areas, allowing reasonable restrictions on placement or installation. It will enable associations to install solar on common property at their discretion, provided it’s consistent with the law.


    By balancing individual property rights and community governance, HB 4 removes barriers to residential solar energy adoption while respecting shared spaces. 


    HB 128: Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation — Total Assessed Cost of Greenhouse Gas Emissions — Study and Reports

    HB 128 directs the Comptroller, in coordination with the Department of the Environment and the Department of Commerce, to conduct a statewide study on the total cost of greenhouse gas emissions in Maryland. This study will analyze the economic, health, environmental, and infrastructure impacts of emissions, both historically and projected into the future.


    It aims to identify the financial burden placed on residents and the State due to climate change and assess whether major fossil fuel companies with a significant presence and emissions history should compensate Maryland for their role in the crisis. A full report is due to the General Assembly by December 1, 2026.


    HB 277: Environment — Water Bottle Filling Stations — Requirement

    HB 277 reduces reliance on single-use plastic water bottles and promotes reusable bottles by requiring water bottle filling stations or combined water bottle filling stations and drinking fountains to be installed in new construction and renovation projects beginning October 1, 2025, where drinking fountains are required.


    HB 286: Local Comprehensive Planning and State Economic Growth, Resource Protection, and Planning Policy — Planning Principles

    HB 286 updates Maryland’s local and state land use planning visions by replacing outdated language with eight core planning principles: land productivity, transportation, housing, economy, equity, resilience, public spaces, and ecology. These principles are meant to guide both state and local governments in fostering sustainable growth, environmental protection, and community engagement.


    Specific amendments were added to protect agricultural and environmental resources on the Eastern Shore, offered by Wicomico County. Despite those protections, every member of the Shore Delegation still voted against the bill.


    HB 0386: Pesticides — PFAS Chemicals — Prohibitions

    We’re disappointed the Senate failed to act on HB 386, which would have begun phasing out PFAS-based pesticides in Maryland. The bill passed the House and included a long implementation timeline, with most provisions taking effect in 2032.


    This is especially frustrating for communities like Salisbury, where PFAS contamination has already impacted residential wells near the Perdue facility. These “forever chemicals” don’t break down, and their presence in our water is a serious public health concern.


    HB 386 would have banned PFAS pesticides in sensitive areas like schools, daycares, and health care facilities and prevented new registrations. The Senate’s inaction leaves Shore Residents at risk.


    HB 506: Clean Water Chesapeake Bay Legacy Act

    This landmark legislation helps protect our Shore way of life by improving water and soil quality, supporting sustainable agriculture, and strengthening fisheries management, all critical to the health of the Chesapeake Bay.

    HB 506 creates the Maryland Leaders in Environmentally Engaged Farming (LEEF) Program to reward Shore farmers who lead with conservation and community values. It also launches a statewide Water Quality Monitoring Program and updates fishery management tools to better respond to climate change. This bill safeguards the Bay and supports the people who depend on it.


    HB 858: Mattress Stewardship Program

    HB858 creates a statewide Mattress Stewardship Program to help solve Maryland’s growing waste crisis. With only 21 years of landfill space left, mattresses are clogging up our landfills, even though 75% of a mattress can be recycled into new products. This bill follows successful local models from places like Baltimore City and Montgomery County, and it will help reduce illegal dumping, extend landfill life, and cut costs for local governments.


    The program is funded through a small purchase fee, not taxes. It ensures free and convenient mattress drop-off options for residents, saving money and protecting the environment. Recycling just one mattress saves 500 gallons of water and enough energy to power a home for three days. HB858 puts mattresses in the same category as tires and paint, so we can finally deal with this bulky waste responsibly across the Shore and the state.


    SB 901: Reduce Trash — Zero Waste Producer Responsibility Plans 

    This bill aims to reduce paper waste by creating a statewide Producer Responsibility Program for packaging and paper products. It requires producers, either on their own or through a producer responsibility organization, to submit a plan to the Maryland Department of the Environment that outlines how they will reduce environmental and health impacts. These plans must include goals for recycling, composting, reuse, waste reduction, and using postconsumer recycled materials.



  • Election Bills

    SB 2: General Assembly — Special Election to Fill a Vacancy in Office

    SB 2 would have created a pathway for Maryland voters to elect a replacement through a special election if a vacancy occurs in the General Assembly on or before a set date in the second year of a term. The special election would happen during the next regular statewide primary and general elections. The bill temporarily preserved the current appointment process to fill the vacancy, but empowered voters to decide who serves the remainder of the term.


    Unfortunately, this bill did not pass the House. We are disappointed by its failure, as it would have strengthened democracy and accountability by allowing Marylanders, not just party central committees and the Governor, to choose our representatives.


    SB 93: Election Law — Absentee Ballots — Notice to Request Application

    This bill requires each local board of elections in Maryland to include a written notice about requesting a State-approved absentee ballot application with the specimen ballot or other mailings to voters. The goal is to increase awareness of the option to vote by mail.


    Exceptions are made for voters with permanent absentee status, voters who have already received the notice once per election, and jurisdictions conducting vote-by-mail elections. This bill takes effect October 1, 2025. 


    HB 322: Election Law — Municipal Elections — Administration

    This emergency bill authorizes the State Administrator of Elections to enter into agreements with municipal governments to support the administration of municipal elections. It also allows the Administrator to lease voting systems or equipment to municipalities for use in local elections, with proceeds directed to the Fair Campaign Financing Fund.


    The bill removes the authority of local boards of elections to lease voting systems and updates deadlines for municipalities requesting to include local offices or questions on a State ballot. It ensures municipal election procedures align with State standards, including voter registration and voting methods. This bill takes effect immediately upon enactment.


    SB 633: Stop Scam PACs Act

    This law helps stop fake PACs from tricking voters and brings more honesty to our political system. This bill is needed because there have been examples of these scam PACS all over the country, including here in Maryland, where in Catonsville, a PAC organizer stole over $1 million by falsely promising donors a dinner with Donald Trump.


    Under this law, if a group uses a candidate’s name or photo without permission, they must clearly say so on the message. The bill also requires groups to disclose where donations go and who is getting paid. It allows the State Board of Elections to investigate potentially corrupt activity and fine groups that break the rules. This law brings more honesty, transparency, and accountability to our elections.

     


  • Immigration Bills

    HB 579:  U Non-immigrant Status Protections

    Shore Progress proudly backed HB 579 to protect and empower Maryland’s immigrant communities. This bill makes it easier for undocumented victims of crime to apply for U visas, a program meant to help people who’ve suffered and cooperated with law enforcement. 


    With dangerous federal crackdowns happening across the country, HB 579 helps keep our neighbors safe from fear and targeting in trusted places like schools, libraries, health clinics, shelters, and houses of worship. No one should be afraid to get help or support their family. This law says loud and clear: all Marylanders deserve safety and dignity, no matter where they were born.


    SB 828: Protecting Sensitive Locations Act 

    This bill enshrines due process protections for Marylanders from immigration enforcement at sensitive locations like schools, courthouses, libraries, and health centers. It prohibits certain schools, libraries, and units of State government operating at these sensitive locations from allowing federal immigration personnel to access nonpublic areas without a judicial warrant or in the case of an emergency.


    The bill also blocks state and local agencies from selling personal information and location data that could be used to track or target individuals unfairly. The Attorney General is required to develop guidance on immigration enforcement and interactions with federal personnel, and all affected institutions must adopt policies consistent with that guidance.


    SB 977: Maryland Data Privacy Act

    SB 977 stops government agencies from helping Immigration and Customs Enforcement spy on Marylanders. It prohibits schools, libraries, and other state entities from giving ICE access to private areas or personal data without a valid warrant. The bill also blocks law enforcement and public agencies from sharing sensitive information, like facial recognition scans or location data, that could be used to target people based on immigration status.


    With SB 977, Maryland is drawing a line: no more warrantless surveillance or backdoor data deals that put our immigrant neighbors at risk.


    HB 1222: Maryland Values Act

    HB 1222 protects vulnerable Marylanders by defining “sensitive locations” that cannot be entered by federal immigration officers without a valid warrant issued by a federal court or in an emergency. These include nonpublic areas of state-funded or state-operated schools, libraries, shelters, and health care facilities.


    The bill also prohibits state and local government agencies from selling or sharing personal information and location data that could be used for immigration enforcement. It requires the Attorney General to issue guidance on responding to federal immigration actions and ensures that public agencies adopt consistent policies to protect Marylanders' rights.


    While the bill's original version included a ban on 287(g) agreements, that provision was removed. Only Cecil County on the Eastern Shore participates in a 287(g) program. This bill does not prevent local governments from voluntarily entering into such agreements. Still, it makes clear that they are not required or necessary for coordination with ICE.


    HB 1222 ensures that everyone in Maryland, regardless of immigration status, can access schools, health care, libraries, and government services without fear.


  • Agriculture Bills

    HB 0262: Department of Agriculture — Maryland Agricultural Commission and Young Farmers

    This bill reforms the structure of the Maryland Agricultural Commission and expands representation for young, urban, veteran, and socially disadvantaged farmers. It replaces the existing Young Farmers Advisory Board with a newly established Committee on Young Farmers, which is tasked with identifying issues and advising the Commission on matters affecting young and beginning farmers across Maryland.


    The bill also adds seats to the Commission for new and beginning farmers, urban and small farmers, veteran farmers, and socially disadvantaged farmers. It ensures that the voices of the next generation of agricultural leaders are directly included in shaping state policy. The Committee on Young Farmers will meet quarterly and include members under 45 who earn most of their income from farming.




Jared Schablein is chair of Shore Progress.

 

Shore Progress (formerly LSPC) is a nonpartisan civic organization covering the Eastern Shore of Maryland. The organization is committed to building strong communities across the Eastern Shore by building the Progressive movement.


Common Sense for the Eastern Shore

By CSES Staff November 4, 2025
Voters in Hurlock have delivered sweeping changes in this year’s municipal election, as Republican and GOP-aligned candidates won key races there. The results mark a setback for Democrats and a significant political shift in a community that has historically leaned Democratic in state and federal contests. The outcome underscores how local organizing and turnout strategies can have an outsized impact in small-town elections. Analysts also suggest that long-term party engagement in municipal contests could shape voter alignment in future county and state races. Political analysts warn that ignoring municipal elections and ceding them to the GOP could hurt the Maryland Democratic Party in statewide politics. Turnout increased by approximately 17% compared with the 2021 municipal election, reflecting heightened local interest in the mayoral and council races. Incumbent Mayor Charles Cephas, a Democrat, was soundly defeated by At-Large Councilmember Earl Murphy, who won with roughly 230 votes to Cephas’s 144. In the At-Large Council race, Jeff Smith, an independent candidate backed by local Republicans, secured a 15-point win over Cheyenne Chase. In District 2, Councilmember Bonnie Franz, a Republican, was re-elected by 40 percentage points over challenger Zia Ashraf, who previously served on the Dorchester Democratic Central Committee. The only Democrat to retain a seat on the council was David Higgins, who was unopposed. The Maryland Republican Party invested resources and campaign attention in the Hurlock race, highlighting it on statewide social media and dispatching party officials, including Maryland GOP Chair Nicole Beus Harris, to campaign. Local Democrats emphasized support for Mayor Cephas through the Dorchester County Democratic Central Committee, but the Maryland Democratic Party did not appear to participate directly.
By CSES Staff November 4, 2025
In what political observers are calling a clear break from Maryland’s moderate Republican establishment, Wicomico County Executive Julie Giordano chose former Gov. Bob Ehrlich — not former Gov. Larry Hogan — as the guest of honor at her re-election fundraiser in late October. Billed as Giordano’s annual Harvest Party, her event drew conservative activists from across the lower Eastern Shore and featured Ehrlich as keynote speaker. This was immediately read by insiders as a signal that Giordano will embrace the party’s right-wing base ahead of 2026, distancing herself from Hogan’s more centrist, bipartisan image. “Bringing in Bob Ehrlich instead of Larry Hogan wasn’t accidental,” one longtime Republican strategist said. “It shows Giordano wants to plant her flag with the MAGA-aligned wing of the party, the same voters who now dominate Maryland’s Republican primary base.” Hogan, who has hinted at another run for governor, was notably absent from this year’s Tawes Crab and Clam Bake in Somerset County, a high-profile gathering long considered essential for statewide contenders. Coupled with Giordano’s public alignment with Ehrlich, Hogan’s absence has fueled speculation that his influence within Maryland’s GOP is slipping. Those doubts were amplified by new polling data. A statewide survey commissioned by the Baltimore Banner found Gov. Wes Moore (D) leading Hogan 45% to 37% in a hypothetical 2026 matchup, with 14% undecided. The poll, conducted by phone and web from Oct. 7–10 among more than 900 registered voters, carries a margin of error of 3.2 percentage points. The results suggest that while Hogan remains popular among moderates and independents, Moore continues to hold a firm advantage statewide, particularly among Democrats and younger voters. Giordano’s decision to align herself with Ehrlich rather than Hogan further illustrates the ideological divide defining Maryland Republicans heading into 2026. As the party drifts further to the right, analysts say Hogan’s brand of pragmatic centrism may no longer have a natural home in today’s GOP. For now, Ehrlich’s appearance in Salisbury is being seen as a symbolic moment, one that cements Giordano’s status as a leading figure in the state’s Trump-aligned movement and underscores how quickly the political winds have shifted. For Hogan, once seen as the Republican best positioned to reclaim the governor’s office, that shift may mark the end of an era.
By Jan Plotczyk November 4, 2025
Can Maryland create a new congressional map that will flip the state’s sole Republican district to the Democrats? Gov. Wes Moore has created a Governor's Redistricting Advisory Commission to consider mid-cycle redistricting and Maryland has jumped into the redistricting fray. The commission will conduct public hearings, solicit public feedback, and present recommendations to the governor and Maryland General Assembly. “My commitment has been clear from day one — we will explore every avenue possible to make sure Maryland has fair and representative maps,” said Moore. “And we also need to make sure that, if the president of the United States is putting his finger on the scale to try to manipulate elections because he knows that his policies cannot win in a ballot box, then it behooves each and every one of us to be able to keep all options on the table to ensure that the voters’ voices can actually be heard .” Moore’s commission is one of those options — a response to Trump’s call to Republican-led states to create more GOP House districts before the 2026 midterm elections. Three GOP states — Texas, Missouri, and North Carolina — have completed a Trump gerrymander for a gain of seven seats and three more states — Indiana, Utah, and Ohio — could create new maps with a total of four additional Republican seats. That would make 11, should they withstand challenges. Democratic-led states made a lot of noise at first about countering these GOP efforts, but only California and Virginia have campaigns for new maps underway. California wants to flip five seats and Virginia hopes for up to four. Optimistically, that could add up to as many as nine. Maryland’s goal would be to add one Democratic seat. Other states on both sides could soon follow, in some cases taking advantage of existing redistricting deadlines or ongoing litigation. Maryland State Senate President Bill Ferguson (D-Balto City) is not in favor of mid-cycle redistricting, calling it too dicey. “Simply put, it is too risky and jeopardizes Maryland’s ability to fight against the radical Trump administration. At a time where every seat in Congress matters, the potential for ceding yet another one to Republicans here in Maryland is simply too great,” Ferguson wrote in a letter to Senate Democrats. Rep. Andrew P. Harris (R-MD01), whose district would be targeted by redistricting, called the effort "the most partisan thing you could do." He whined, “It just wouldn’t be fair.” Harris warned that any redistricting could backfire on the Democrats. “We will take this to court, it will go as high as necessary, and in the end, a judge could draw a map that actually has two or three Republican congressmen,” Harris said. “I’d caution the Democrats, be careful what you wish for.” Harris and his wife, Maryland GOP Chair Nicole Beus Harris, have perhaps already worked out a strategy. The Governor’s Redistricting Advisory Commission, last constituted by Gov. Martin O’Malley in 2011, will begin its work this month. The five-member commission includes: Chair: Senator Angela Alsobrooks Senate President Bill Ferguson or designee Speaker Adrienne A. Jones or designee Former Attorney General Brian Frosh Cumberland Mayor Ray Morriss “We have a president that treats our democracy with utter contempt. We have a Republican party that is trying to rig the rules in response to their terrible polling,” said Sen. Alsobrooks. “Let me be clear: Maryland deserves a fair map that represents the will of the people. That’s why I’m proud to chair this commission. Our democracy depends on all of us standing up in this moment.” Will Maryland’s First District finally be competitive? Can we at long last replace “AWOL Andy” Harris? Stay tuned…. Jan Plotczyk spent 25 years as a survey and education statistician with the federal government, at the Census Bureau and the National Center for Education Statistics. She retired to Rock Hall.
By CSES Staff November 4, 2025
In strong numbers, local residents turned out last month for a community information session on offshore wind hosted by the Alliance for Offshore Wind at the Ocean Pines library. The forum heard from industry experts, environmental advocates, and labor leaders to discuss how offshore wind projects can support jobs, clean energy, and coastal resilience along Maryland’s Eastern Shore. Featured were Sam Saluto of Oceantic, Jim Strong of the United Steelworkers, Ron Larsen of Sea Ink Solutions, and Jim Brown of the Audubon Society, all of whom emphasized the long-term environmental and economic benefits of wind development off Maryland’s coast. Speakers outlined how the project, once completed, is expected to create hundreds of high-paying jobs, generate clean power for tens of thousands of homes, and reduce reliance on fossil fuels that cause pollution and coastal erosion. “The potential here is extraordinary,” said Saluto, highlighting Oceantic’s ongoing work to ensure safety and sustainability standards remain at the highest level. “We’re not just talking about wind turbines. We’re talking about revitalizing local economies and protecting the Shore’s way of life.” Union representative Jim Strong echoed that sentiment, noting that Maryland’s labor community sees offshore wind as a chance to rebuild domestic manufacturing capacity while giving workers access to strong wages and long-term stability. Environmental voices, including Jim Brown of the Audubon Society, focused on how properly sited wind projects can reduce carbon emissions while coexisting with marine wildlife and migratory bird patterns. While most of the evening centered on data and community questions, the event briefly turned tense when Ocean City Mayor Rick Meehan, who is leading a lawsuit challenging Maryland’s offshore wind plans, attempted to question the panel. The mayor appeared to lose his train of thought mid-sentence and later cast doubt on the reality of climate change, drawing visible concern from several attendees. Meehan, a New Yorker who moved to Ocean City in 1971 and has held public office since 1985, has become one of the region’s most vocal opponents of offshore wind. His critics argue the lawsuit represents an effort to stall progress rather than engage with the facts presented by energy, labor, and environmental experts. Despite the brief exchange, the overall tone of the evening was forward-looking. Residents lingered after the formal discussion to review informational materials, speak with industry representatives, and learn about opportunities for community involvement. For many, the message was clear: Maryland’s transition to clean energy is not only feasible, it’s already underway, and the Eastern Shore stands to benefit.
By CSES Staff October 24, 2025
 Sparking alarm among housing advocates, social workers, and residents, Salisbury Mayor Randy Taylor has announced plans to gut Salisbury’s nationally recognized Housing First program, signaling a break from years of bipartisan progress on homelessness. Created in 2017 under then-Mayor Jacob Day, the initiative was designed around a simple but powerful principle: that stable, permanent housing must come first before residents can address problems with employment, health, or recovery. The program was designed to provide supportive housing for Salisbury’s most vulnerable residents — a model backed by decades of national data showing it reduces homelessness, saves taxpayer dollars, and lowers strain on emergency services. But under Taylor’s leadership, that vision appears to be ending. In a letter to residents, the City of Salisbury announced that the Housing First program will be shut down in 2027, in effect dismantling one of the city’s long-term programs to prevent homelessness. Taylor says he plans to “rebrand” the program as a temporary “gateway to supportive housing,” shifting focus away from permanent stability and toward short-term turnover. “We’re trying to help more people with the same amount of dollars,” Taylor said. Critics call that reasoning deeply flawed, and dangerous. Former Mayor Jacob Day, who helped launch the initiative, says that Housing First was always intended to be permanent supportive housing, not a revolving door. National studies show that when cities replace permanent housing programs with short-term placements, people end up right back on the streets, and that costs taxpayers more in emergency medical care, policing, and crisis intervention. Local advocates warn that Taylor’s move will undo years of progress. “This isn’t just a policy shift, it’s a step backward,” one social service worker said. “Housing First works because it’s humane and cost-effective. This administration is turning it into a revolving door to nowhere.” Even some community partners who agree the program needs better oversight say that Taylor is missing the point. Anthony Dickerson, Executive Director of Salisbury’s Christian Shelter, said the city should be reforming and strengthening its approach, not abandoning its foundation. Under Taylor’s proposal, participants could be limited to one or two years in housing before being pushed out, whether or not they’re ready. Advocates fear this change could push vulnerable residents back into instability, undoing the progress the city was once praised for. While Taylor touts his plan as a way to “help more people,” critics say it reflects a troubling pattern in his administration: cutting programs that work. For years, Salisbury’s Housing First initiative has symbolized compassion and evidence-based leadership and has stood as a rare example of a small city tackling homelessness with dignity and results. Now, as Taylor moves to end it, residents and advocates are asking a simple question: Why would a mayor tear down one of Salisbury’s most successful programs for helping people rebuild their lives?
By John Christie October 24, 2025
On the first Monday of October, the Supreme Court began a new term, Term 2025 as it is officially called. The day also marked John Roberts’ 20 years as Chief Justice of what history will clearly record as the Roberts Court. Twenty years is a long time but at this point, Roberts is only the fourth longest serving Chief Justice in our history. John Marshall, the fourth and longest, served for 34 years, 152 days (1801–35). Roger Brooke Taney, served for 28 years, 198 days (1836–64). Melville Fuller, served 21 years, 269 days (1888 to 1910). John Roberts was originally nominated by George W. Bush to fill the seat held by the retiring Sandra Day O’Connor but, upon the unexpected death of William Rehnquist, Bush instead nominated Roberts to serve as Chief Justice. His nomination was greeted by enthusiasm and high hopes in many quarters. He was young, articulate, personable, and highly qualified, having had an impressive academic record, experience in the Reagan administration and the private bar, and service on the federal D.C. Court of Appeals for two years. His “balls and strikes” comment at his confirmation hearing struck many as suggesting judicial independence. He sounded as well very much like an institutionalist, having said at an early interview that “it would be good to have a commitment on the part of the Court to act as a Court.” Whatever else might be said 20 years later about the tenure of John Roberts as Chief Judge, the Supreme Court is no doubt much less popular and much more divisive today than it was on September 29, 2005, when he was sworn in as the 17th Chief Justice by Justice John Paul Stevens, then the Court’s most senior associate justice, and witnessed by his sponsor, George W. Bush. Gallup’s polling data shows popular support for the Court now at the lowest levels since they started measuring it. In July 2025, a Gallup poll found that, for the first time in the past quarter-century, fewer than 40% of Americans approved of the Supreme Court’s performance. According to Gallup, one major reason that approval of the Supreme Court has been lower is that its ratings have become increasingly split along party lines — the current 65-point gap in Republican (79%) and Democratic (14%) approval of the court is the largest ever. The legal scholar Rogers Smith wrote in The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science in June, “Roberts’s tenure as Chief Justice has led to the opposite of what he has said he seeks to achieve. The American public now respects the Court less than ever and sees it as more political than ever.” These results signify more than simply a popularity poll because a Court without broad public support is a Court that will not have the same public respect upon which their most important decisions have historically depended. And, whatever the reasons for this development, it has happened on John Roberts’s watch. There is no better example of the current divisiveness on the Court than the remarkable string of “emergency” rulings on the Court’s so-called shadow docket since January 20. The extent of ideological and partisan differences has been sharp and extreme. The conservative majority’s votes have frequently been unexplained, leaving lower court judges to have to puzzle the decision’s meaning and leaving the public to suspect partisan influences. And the results of these shadow docket rulings have had enormous, sometimes catastrophic, consequences: Removing noncitizens to countries to which they had no ties or faced inhumane conditions Disqualifying transgender service members Firing probationary federal workers and independent agency heads Ending entire governmental departments and agencies without congressional approval Allowing the impounding of foreign aid funds appropriated by Congress Releasing reams of personal data to the Department of Government Efficiency Allowing immigration raids in California based on racial and ethnic profiling John Roberts has written many Supreme Court opinions in his 20 years as Chief Justice. At the 20-year mark, the most important, to the nation and to his legacy, will likely be his opinion in the Trump immunity case, which changed the balance of power among the branches of government, tipping heavily in the direction of presidential power. Trump v. United States (2024). In her dissent from his majority opinion in that case, Justice Sonia Sotomayor, joined by Justices Elena Kagan and Ketanji Brown Jackson, warned about the consequences of such a broad expansion of presidential power. “The Court effectively creates a law-free zone around the president,” upsetting the status quo that had existed since the nation’s founding and giving blanket permission for wrongdoing. “Let the president violate the law, let him exploit the trappings of his office for personal gain, let him use his official power for evil ends. In every use of official power, the president is now a king above the law.” Roberts claimed in his majority opinion that the “tone of chilling doom” in Sotomayor’s dissent was “wholly disproportionate” to what the ruling meant. However, Sotomayor’s words have proved prescient: the breadth of power that Trump and his administration have asserted in the months since he was sworn in for his second term has made plain how boundlessly they now interpret the reach of the presidency in the wake of the Roberts opinion. Despite the early “balls and strikes” comment, the assessment of John Roberts’ long term judicial record suggests something different as seen by several distinguished legal commentators from significantly different perspectives. As summarized by Lincoln Caplan, a senior research scholar at Yale Law School, in a new retrospective article on Robert’s 20-year tenure, “From his arrival on the Court until now, his leadership, votes, and opinions have mainly helped move the law and the nation far to the right. An analysis prepared by the political scientists Lee Epstein, Andrew Martin, and Kevin Quinn found that in major cases, the Roberts Court’s record is the most conservative of any Supreme Court in roughly a century.” “What Trump Means for John Roberts's Legacy,” Harvard Magazine , October 8, 2025. Steve Vladeck, Georgetown Law Center professor and a regularly incisive Court commentator, characterized the 20-year Roberts’ Court as follows: “The ensuing 20 years has featured a Court deciding quite a lot more than necessary — inserting itself into hot-button social issues earlier than necessary (if it was necessary at all); moving an array of previously settled statutory and constitutional understandings sharply to the right; and, over the past decade especially, running roughshod over all kinds of procedural norms that previously served to moderate many of the justices’ more extreme impulses.” “The Roberts Court Turns Twenty,” One First , September 29, 2025. In another remarkable new article by a widely respected conservative originalist, similar concerns about the present Court have very recently been expressed. Caleb Nelson, who teaches at the University of Virginia and is a former law clerk to Justice Clarence Thomas, has written that the text of the Constitution and the historical evidence surrounding it in fact grant Congress broad authority to shape the executive branch, including by putting limits on the president’s power to fire people. “Must Administrative Officers Serve at the President’s Pleasure?” Democracy Project, NYU LAW , September 29, 2025. When the First Congress confronted similar ambiguities in the meaning of the Constitution, asserts Nelson, “more than one member warned against interpreting the Constitution in the expectation that all presidents would have the sterling character of George Washington.” Nelson continues, “The current Supreme Court may likewise see itself as interpreting the Constitution for the ages, and perhaps some of the Justices take comfort in the idea that future presidents will not all have the character of Donald Trump. But the future is not guaranteed; a president bent on vengeful, destructive, and lawless behavior can do lasting damage to our norms and institutions.” John Christie was for many years a senior partner in a large Washington, D.C. law firm. He specialized in anti-trust litigation and developed a keen interest in the U.S. Supreme Court about which he lectures and writes. 
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