African American Veterans from Kent County

Bill Leary • November 8, 2022


The African American community of Kent County has contributed far more than its fair share to the military requirements of a nation that has rarely acknowledged those contributions. More than 1,700 African American men and women from Kent County have served in the United States Army, Navy, Air Force, Marine Corps, and Coast Guard. This record of service began during the American Revolution and continues today.

 

By joining the armed forces, African American men and women believed they could both better their own lives and make their country truer to its best promises. That happened to a great extent during the Civil War and to some extent during more recent decades following full integration of the armed forces. 

 

For most of American history, however, African Americans in the military have suffered the same discrimination they experienced in civilian life. After a brief experiment with integrated units during the Revolutionary War, it was another 175 years before Black men served in integrated units — during the Korean War. For the most part, those segregated units were assigned the most menial tasks, such as ditch-digging, rather than combat duty, and until World War II, they were commanded almost exclusively by white officers.

 

The story of Black men from Kent County who served in the Civil War is truly a remarkable and inspiring saga. Five hundred and sixty-seven Black men who were born or lived in Kent County fought in the Union Army and another 68 served in the U.S. Navy. (Fifty-three of these 635 men apparently did not live in Kent County until after the war.) According to the 1860 Census, the number of free African Americans in Kent County totaled 3,411, and the number of enslaved was 2,509. Of that population, 1,325 men were aged 18-45 (565 enslaved and 760 free) and therefore eligible for military service. This means that an impressive 44 percent of the eligible Black men in Kent County (582 of 1325) did serve, compared with a 28 percent rate of service throughout the state of Maryland.

 

African American soldiers from Kent County served in 35 different regiments of the United States Colored Infantry (USCI), but more than half enlisted in three regiments recruited on the Eastern Shore: the 7th USCI (158), the 19th USCI (88) and the 30th USCI (85). Twenty-four soldiers were killed in action or died later of combat wounds, including nine at the Crater and three at the battle of Fort Gilmer. Fifty-four soldiers were wounded in action but recovered. Almost 100 troops died during the war of a wide variety of diseases — especially pneumonia, cholera, and chronic diarrhea — or unspecified causes. Four prisoners of war died in Confederate prisons.

 

At least 254 of Kent County’s African American troops were enslaved when they enlisted, which surely required considerable courage. While they could reasonably expect manumission in exchange for military service, there were no guarantees. In addition, they were leaving their families behind to an unknown fate. Of the 582 African Americans who eventually enlisted, only about 175 returned to Kent County after the war. About 130 had died during the war, which means that more than half (about 300) of the African Americans from Kent County who fought in the war appear to have exercised their newly won freedom by starting a new life somewhere outside Kent County.

 

African Americans of Kent County enlisted in significant numbers to fight in every major war of the 20th century, despite discriminatory treatment while in the service and after they returned home. Two hundred and thirty-three African American men from Kent County served during World War I, including 143 who served with the American Expeditionary Force in France. Eleven men served in the 371st Infantry Regiment, which received the French Legion of Honor and Croix de Guerre for heroism in combat, including Waymon Parker of Chestertown, the only African American from Kent County killed in action during the war. The Black American Legion members in Kent County later named the Parker-White post partly in Parker’s memory. 


More than 350 African Americans from Kent County enlisted in World War II, or about 28% of the county’s total, including 14 who joined the Navy and two in the Army Air Corps. More than 460 African Americans from Kent County served in all branches of the military following World War II. Over 90 African Americans from Kent County served during the Korean War, including Leon Donald Hamilton, the county’s first casualty of the war. Kent County sent almost 100 African American men and women into service during the Vietnam War, including Virgil Henry Wilson, Jr., the son and grandson of veterans, and Raymond Lester Elliott, who were killed in action.

 

Legacy Day 2022, the ninth annual edition of a festival that celebrates the rich cultural heritage of African Americans in Kent County, honored these 1,700 veterans from August 19-21 with an exhibit, a booklet, and a reception at the Garfield Theater. At the reception, several veterans spoke proudly of their service. Eleanor (“Rellie”) Ringgold, one of 32 African American women from Kent County who served, remembered her excitement when she enlisted in the Army in 1972. Jackie Johnson recalled a career that took him from the White House to Afghanistan. Marchaund Tiller’s career in the Air Force prepared him for the challenges he would face in life. Larry Wilson, part of a family that has sent at least 15 young men into the military, talked about how 20 years in the Navy changed his life in a positive way.

 

Beginning on Veteran’s Day 2022, the exhibit on African American veterans from Kent County will be displayed at Sumner Hall, 206 South Queen St. in Chestertown. The Sumner Hall Veterans Project continues to collect information on Kent County’s African American veterans, and the database of those honored can be searched online at https://www.sumnerhall.org/vets.

 


Bill Leary, a retired historian and archivist, is on the board of directors of Sumner Hall. He has worked on Legacy Day exhibits since 2014, shortly after retiring to Chestertown. 


Common Sense for the Eastern Shore

By Friends of Megan Outten July 29, 2025
Megan Outten, a lifelong Wicomico County resident and former Salisbury City Councilwoman, officially announced her candidacy recently for Wicomico County Council, District 7. At 33, Outten brings the energy of a new generation combined with a proven record of public service and results-driven leadership. “I’m running because Wicomico deserves better,” Outten said. “Too often, our communities are expected to do more with less. We’re facing underfunded schools, limited economic opportunities, and years of neglected infrastructure. I believe Wicomico deserves leadership that listens, plans ahead, and delivers real, measurable results.” A Record of Action and A Vision for the Future On Salisbury’s City Council, Outten earned a reputation for her proactive, hands-on approach — working directly with residents to close infrastructure gaps, support first responders, and ensure everyday voices were heard. Now she’s bringing that same focus to the County Council, with priorities centered on affordability, public safety, and stronger, more resilient communities. Key Priorities for District 7: Fully fund public schools so every child has the opportunity to succeed. Fix aging infrastructure and county services through proactive investment. Keep Wicomico affordable with smarter planning and pathways to homeownership. Support first responders and safer neighborhoods through better tools, training, and prevention. Expand resources for seniors, youth, and underserved communities. Outten’s platform is rooted in real data and shaped by direct community engagement. With Wicomico now the fastest-growing school system on Maryland’s Eastern Shore — and 85% of students relying on extra resources — she points to the county’s lagging investment as a key area for action. “Strong schools lead to strong jobs, thriving industries, and healthier communities,” Outten said. “Our schools and infrastructure are at a tipping point. We need leadership that stops reacting after things break — and starts investing before they do.” A Commitment to Home and Service Born and raised in Wicomico, Megan Outten sees this campaign as a continuation of her lifelong service to her community. Her vision reflects what she’s hearing from neighbors across the county: a demand for fairness, opportunity, and accountability in local government. “Wicomico is my home; it’s where I grew up, built my life, and where I want to raise my family,” Outten said. “Our county is full of potential. We just need leaders who will listen, work hard, and get things done. That’s what I’ve always done, and that’s exactly what I’ll continue to do on the County Council.” Outten will be meeting with residents across District 7 in the months ahead and unveiling more details of her platform. For more information or to get involved, contact info@meganoutten.com
By John Christie July 29, 2025
Way back in 1935, the Supreme Court determined that independent agencies like the Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC), the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) and the Merit Systems Protection Board (MSPB) do not violate the Constitution’s separation of powers. Humphrey’s Executor v. United States (1935). Congress provided that the CPSC, like the NLRB and MSPB, would operate as an independent agency — a multi-member, bipartisan commission whose members serve staggered terms and could be removed only “for neglect of duty or malfeasance in office but for no other cause.” Rejecting a claim that the removal restriction interferes with the “executive power,” the Humphrey’s Court held that Congress has the authority to “forbid their [members’] removal except for cause” when creating such “quasi-legislative or quasi-judicial” bodies. As a result, these agencies have operated as independent agencies for many decades under many different presidencies. Shortly after assuming office in his second term, Donald Trump began to fire, without cause, the Democratic members of several of these agencies. The lower courts determined to reinstate the discharged members pending the ultimate outcome of the litigation, relying on Humphrey’s , resulting in yet another emergency appeal to the Supreme Court by the administration. In the first such case, a majority of the Court allowed President Trump to discharge the Democratic members of the NLRB and the MSPB while the litigation over the legality of the discharges continued. Trump v. Wilcox (May 22, 2025). The majority claimed that they do not now decide whether Humphrey’s should be overruled because “that question is better left for resolution after full briefing and argument.” However, hinting that these agency members have “considerable” executive power and suggesting that “the Government” faces greater “risk of harm” from an order allowing a removed officer to continue exercising the executive power than a wrongfully removed officer faces from being unable to perform her statutory duty,” the majority gave the President the green light to proceed. Justice Kagan, joined by Justices Sotomayor and Jackson, dissented, asserting that Humphrey’s remains good law until overturned and forecloses both the President’s firings and the Court’s decision to award emergency relief.” Our emergency docket, while fit for some things, should not be used to “overrule or revise existing law.” Moreover, the dissenters contend that the majority’s effort to explain their decision “hardly rises to the occasion.” Maybe by saying that the Commissioners exercise “considerable” executive power, the majority is suggesting that Humphrey’s is no longer good law but if that is what the majority means, then it has foretold a “massive change” in the law and done so on the emergency docket, “with little time, scant briefing, and no argument.” And, the “greater risk of harm” in fact is that Congress provided for these discharged members to serve their full terms, protected from a President’s desire to substitute his political allies. More recently, in the latest shadow docket ruling in the administration’s favor, the same majority of the Court again permitted President Trump to fire, without cause, the Democratic members of another independent agency, this time the Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC). Trump v. Boyle (July 23, 2025). The same three justices dissented, once more objecting to the use of the Court’s emergency docket to destroy the independence of an independent agency as established by Congress. The CPSC, like the NLRB and MSPB, was designed to operate as “a classic independent agency.” In Congress’s view, that structure would better enable the CPSC to achieve its mission — ensuring the safety of consumer products, from toys to appliances — than would a single-party agency under the full control of a single President. “By allowing the President to remove Commissioners for no reason other than their party affiliation, the majority has negated Congress’s choice of agency bipartisanship and independence.” The dissenters also assert that the majority’s sole professed basis for the more recent order in Boyle was its prior order in Wilcox . But in their opinion, Wilcox itself was minimally explained. So, the dissenters claim, the majority rejects the design of Congress for a whole class of agencies by “layering nothing on nothing.” “Next time, though, the majority will have two (if still under-reasoned) orders to cite. Truly, this is ‘turtles all the way down.’” Rapanos v. United States (2006). * ***** *In Rapanos , in a footnote to his plurality opinion, former Supreme Court Justice Scalia explained that this allusion is to a classic story told in different forms and attributed to various authors. His favorite version: An Eastern guru affirms that the earth is supported on the back of a tiger. When asked what supports the tiger, he says it stands upon an elephant; and when asked what supports the elephant, he says it is a giant turtle. When asked, finally, what supports the giant turtle, he is briefly taken aback, but quickly replies "Ah, after that it is turtles all the way down." John Christie was for many years a senior partner in a large Washington, D.C. law firm. He specialized in anti-trust litigation and developed a keen interest in the U.S. Supreme Court about which he lectures and writes.
By Shore Progress, Progessive Maryland, Progressive Harford Co July 15, 2025
Marylanders will not forget this vote.
Protest against Trumpcare, 2017
By Jan Plotczyk July 9, 2025
More than 30,000 of our neighbors in Maryland’s first congressional district will lose their health insurance through the Affordable Care Act and Medicaid because of provisions in the GOP’s heartless tax cut and spending bill passed last week.
Farm in Dorchester Co.
By Michael Chameides, Barn Raiser May 21, 2025
Right now, Congress is working on a fast-track bill that would make historic cuts to basic needs programs in order to finance another round of tax breaks for the wealthy and big corporations.
By Catlin Nchako, Center on Budget and Policy Priorities May 21, 2025
The House Agriculture Committee recently voted, along party lines, to advance legislation that would cut as much as $300 million from the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program. SNAP is the nation’s most important anti-hunger program, helping more than 41 million people in the U.S. pay for food. With potential cuts this large, it helps to know who benefits from this program in Maryland, and who would lose this assistance. The Center on Budget and Policy Priorities compiled data on SNAP beneficiaries by congressional district, cited below, and produced the Maryland state datasheet , shown below. In Maryland, in 2023-24, 1 in 9 people lived in a household with SNAP benefits. In Maryland’s First Congressional District, in 2023-24: Almost 34,000 households used SNAP benefits. Of those households, 43% had at least one senior (over age 60). 29% of SNAP recipients were people of color. 15% were Black, non-Hispanic, higher than 11.8% nationally. 6% were Hispanic (19.4% nationally). There were 24,700 total veterans (ages 18-64). Of those, 2,200 lived in households that used SNAP benefits (9%). The CBPP SNAP datasheet for Maryland is below. See data from all the states and download factsheets here.
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