Confronting a History of Lynching on the Delmarva Peninsula

George Shivers • September 28, 2021

Bryan Stevenson, a native of the Delmarva Peninsula (born in Milton, Del. in 1959), is the founder and executive director of the Equal Justice Initiative.

Stevenson earned his B.A. in Philosophy from Eastern University in St. Davids PA. In 1985 he received both his M.A. in public policy and his J.D. degree from Harvard University. He is the best-selling author of Just Mercy, which was made into a film. In 1989 Stevenson founded the EJI, which is dedicated to working with communities marginalized by poverty and victimized by unequal treatment. In 2018 the EJI founded the Legacy Museum: From Enslavement to Mass Incarceration and the National Memorial for Peace and Justice, both of which are located in Montgomery, Ala. The National Memorial for Peace and Justice opened to the public on April 26, 2018. It is dedicated to preserving the legacy of enslaved African Americans, victims of lynching and currently of police violence.



In 2019, the Maryland Lynching Truth and Reconciliation Commission was established with the passage of House Bill 307. The Commission is authorized to research cases of racially motivated lynchings, and to hold public meetings and regional hearings where a lynching has occurred. Two Eastern Shore counties, Wicomico and Kent, have created their own organizations to follow through with the purposes of the State commission.

 

The Wicomico Truth and Reconciliation Initiative was created in 2019 to support the creation of a memorial for the county’s three lynching victims. James Yamakawa is the head of the Initiative. The Initiative has already succeeded in placing an historical marker on the lawn of the Wicomico County Court House, where the lynchings occurred. There are three recorded in the county, Garfield King in 1898, and Matthew Williams and an unknown man, both in 1931.

 


Two months after the memorial was unveiled in May 2021, the Initiative moved toward forming a steering council. In an article in the Salisbury Daily Times, Yamakawa stated, “History is very intimately connected with what’s going on today in our country.” He went on to say, “Forming the steering council is a way of trying to get people to take ownership of this history, but also to see how we want to go forward and what we want to focus on next.” He hopes to see the Council in place by early fall.

 

Garfield King happened to grow up in the village of Allen, as did I, though several generations later. I have written an article on his murder that was published in December 2008 in Shorelines, a publication of the Edward H. Nabb Research Center at Salisbury University. I intend to write more about that case for Common Sense for the Eastern Shore in the near future.

 

In Kent County, a group of citizens has formed the James Taylor Justice Coalition of Sumner Hall, affiliated with the EJI and with the Maryland Lynching Memorial Project. The Coalition is headed up by co-chairs Larry Wilson and Philip Dutton. In September and October, 2021, there will be a public book reading of Sherrilyn A. Ifill’s On the Courthouse Lawn: Confronting the Legacy of Lynching in the Twenty-first Century. Also this fall, there will be a Soil Collection Ceremony. Soil from the site of the murder of James Taylor in 1892 will be placed in two jars, one to be sent to the National Memorial for Peace and Justice, the other to be housed in Sumner Hall in Chestertown. Sumner Hall was established in 1908 by African American veterans of the Union Army and has been completely restored and works to preserve local African American history and culture, as well as serving as a venue for concerts, lectures, meetings, and exhibits.

 


Between September, 2021 and January, 2022, Sumner Hall is sponsoring an essay contest for high school students on racial terror subjects. The contest is funded with $5,000 in prize money from the Equal Justice Initiative. On February 19, 2022, Sumner Hall will coordinate a state-mandated public hearing for the Maryland Lynching Truth and Reconciliation Commission.

 

 

Sources:

Maryland Lynching Truth and Reconciliation Commission.

https://msa.maryland.gov/lynching-truth-reconciliation/

 

“Bryan Stevenson,” The History Makers, The Nation’s Largest African American Video Oral History Collection.

https://www.thehistorymakers.org/biography/bryan-stevenson

 

Equal Justice Initiative

https://eji.org

 

“Long-awaited memorial marker to lynching victims unveiled in downtown Salisbury,” Salisbury Daily Times, Kelly Powers, May 22, 2021

https://www.delmarvanow.com/story/news/local/maryland/2021/05/22/lynching-memorial-marker-unveiled-downtown-salisbury/5186709001/

 

Wicomico Truth and Reconciliation Initiative, Facebook

https://www.facebook.com/TellTheTruthWicomico/

 

 

A native of Wicomico County, George Shivers holds a doctorate from the University of Maryland and taught in the Foreign Language Dept. of Washington College for 38 years before retiring in 2007. He is also very interested in the history and culture of the Eastern Shore, African American history in particular.

 

Common Sense for the Eastern Shore

By CSES Staff October 1, 2025
Heavily dependent on international students working under the J-1 visa program, Ocean City’s seasonal restaurants face a new difficulty after federal policy changes under the Trump administration. Each summer, roughly 3,300 J-1 visa holders arrive in Ocean City to help fill more than 12,000 seasonal jobs, according to the Maryland Restaurant Association. Many of these restaurant workers handle everything from cooking to serving customers. The U.S. State Department identifies Ocean City as the nation’s top destination for summer work travel exchange visitors. This year, the program was paused and later reinstated with new restrictions and federal investigations, which disrupted hiring and complicated staffing for the 2025 season. Nearly 60% of Worcester County voters supported Donald Trump in the 2024 presidential election. Now, however, restaurant owners who backed Trump are confronted with the consequences of his administration’s visa policies, which threaten the flow of international workers upon which they rely. The disruption has led to worker shortages, operational difficulties, and uncertainty about future seasons. Restaurants that depend on J-1 students to meet demand during peak tourist months are preparing for further complications as federal reviews of visa programs continue. Local economic leaders warn that without these workers, Ocean City’s seasonal businesses could struggle to stay afloat. For restaurant owners and community members who overwhelmingly supported Trump, the new reality has raised questions about the resort town’s current workforce model under tighter immigration policies.
By Jan Plotczyk October 1, 2025
Poverty in Maryland’s First Congressional District will increase because of the GOP’s budget reconciliation bill— the “One Big Beautiful Bill Act” — that was narrowly passed in July. Rep. Andrew P. Harris (R-MD01) voted to pass that wildly unpopular bill and to kick our neighbors off SNAP and Medicaid to give tax cuts to billionaires. That was a cruel choice. More of his constituents will be living in poverty because of the OBBBA’s cuts to programs that support people’s basic needs. Poverty Rates in Maryland’s First Congressional District The official poverty rate for MD-01 has hovered between 8.5% and 9.8% for the last seven years. (Poverty rates for congressional districts were not calculated for 2020 due to the pandemic.) In 2024, 72,800 of our neighbors were living in poverty.
By Jan Plotczyk October 1, 2025
President Trump has recently realized — apparently — that his One Big Beautiful Bill Act is not universally beloved by the American people. Aside from GOP lawmakers, billionaires, and MAGA faithful, the measure has never enjoyed the support of anyone. Polling conducted up to the bill’s passage, and analyzed by G. Elliott Morris , showed that On average across pollsters and methods, 31% of Americans support the One Big Beautiful Bill, while 54% oppose it. That net rating of -23 is, to put it mildly, abysmal… [H]aving a majority against you with just a third in support is terrible! And the bill has not become any more popular since its passage. But instead of fixing the parts of the bill that average people detest — the cuts to social programs for families, the extended tax cuts for billionaires — Trump has decided to just rebrand the bill as something he thinks they’ll love. And having decided that a public relations fix is all that’s needed, the White House has told GOP legislators that the bill shall now be known as the Working Families Tax Cut Bill. What tax cuts for working Americans are in the bill? Tax credits. The bill includes modest increases in the Child Tax Credit and Child and Dependent Care Credit. The standard tax deduction. The bill increases the standard tax deduction for individuals by $750 and for couples by $1,500. The no-tax-on-tips provision. Trump touts this as a true working-class tax cut. But it does not benefit many because only 3% of workers earn tips, and one-third of those earn too little to pay federal taxes. The no-tax-on-overtime-pay provision. This sounds good, but the no-tax applies only to the “half” portion of time-and-a-half pay. If a worker earns $20/hour regular pay and $30/hour overtime pay, the first $20/hour of overtime pay is taxed; only the $10/hour of premium pay is not taxed. It is estimated that for the bottom 40% of workers by income, this will equate to a tax savings of $10/year. Those meager offerings cannot obscure the fact that the bill gives 45% of the tax cuts to the wealthy ; only 1% of the tax cuts go to the lowest fifth of wage earners. To pay for those tax cuts for the wealthy, the bill contains $1.4 trillion in benefits cuts that will affect lower income Americans: many millions will lose health insurance coverage, food assistance, and federal student financial aid. Any small tax benefit that accrues to lower income Americans from the OBBBA is more than offset by benefit losses and Trump’s new tariffs (a defacto sales tax). The Yale Budget Lab found that when one combines the effects of Trump’s tariffs and the One Big Beautiful Bill Act, 90% of American families will end up worse off. Seventy per cent of households will face losses ranging from $780 to $2,570 each year. So, don’t be conned. Recognize Trump’s gaslighting for what it is, a desperate attempt to mislead and deceive the American people. Jan Plotczyk spent 25 years as a survey and education statistician with the federal government, at the Census Bureau and the National Center for Education Statistics. She retired to Rock Hall.
By CSES Staff October 1, 2025
Before a crowd at Burnish Brewing Company, Wicomico County Councilman Josh Hastings, a Democrat, launched his campaign for the Maryland House of Delegates in District 38B, setting up what is expected to be one of the most competitive races in the state in 2026. The seat is held by GOP Del. Barry Glassman, who was appointed after former Del. Carl Anderton accepted a position in the Wes Moore administration. Although Glassman begins the campaign with more than $30,000 in campaign funds and will run as the incumbent, the district — with a +7 advantage for Democrats — is considered a top pickup opportunity for House Democrats in Annapolis. Having grown up on Maryland’s first certified organic poultry farm in Mardela Springs, Hastings has built a career at the intersection of agriculture, environmental sustainability, and land use. Before gaining elected office, he spent 15 years in state and local policy and nonprofit leadership positions, including as executive director of Forever Maryland, a statewide nonprofit focused on conserving farms, forests, parks, and critical habitats. Since joining the County Council, Hastings has established himself as a productive legislator, and is credited with: Converting Pirate’s Wharf into a public park. Securing $200 million in county budget commitments for Salisbury firefighters. Advancing a countywide water and sewer master plan. Ensuring consistent above-maintenance-of-effort funding for Wicomico public schools. Championing major upgrades to parks and recreation facilities. He has also worked to: Expand pickleball opportunities at Harmon Field Park. Secure a new middle and high school in Mardela Springs. Address invasive species management. Public safety and quality of life have been recurring themes in his tenure, with Hastings backing investments in first responders and cleaner, healthier communities. Colleagues often note his ability to foster civil, thoughtful debate on complex issues. Hastings is no stranger to Annapolis. Earlier in his career, he served as an aide to Senate Education, Health, and Environmental Affairs Committee Chair Joan Carter Conway, where he wrote and helped to pass legislation reduce concussions in youth sports. On the campaign trail, Hastings emphasizes a platform focused on opportunity, affordability, and quality of life on the Shore. His priorities include: Creating more well-paying jobs that build on the region’s strengths while opening doors in growing industries Strengthening public schools with smaller class sizes and stronger pathways from arts to trades to higher education Tackling the housing shortage with more options for residents of all ages and abilities He also pledges to lower the cost of living by advocating for fair wages and more affordable essentials, such as food, energy, and housing. Hastings emphasizes community health and safety as central to his vision, with a focus on increasing access to health care, broadband, transportation, and recreational spaces. His platform stresses the need to protect the Shore’s clean water and healthy land while supporting farmers and a resource-based economy. At the heart of his message is a call for fairness and opportunity, and a government that works for everyday people rather than the few. His announcement also came with personal news: Hastings and his wife Alyssa are expecting their first child in April. With deep local roots, a track record of legislative success, and a competitive district in play, Hastings’ campaign launch signals that Democrats view District 38B as a pivotal race in the 2026 election cycle.
By CSES Staff October 1, 2025
Maryland Gov. Wes Moore and Housing and Community Development Sec. Jacob Day were on Smith Island Sept. 24 to mark completion of an infrastructure milestone, the island’s first connection to high-speed internet. Funded by state grants, the $2 million broadband project was completed two months ahead of schedule, and will provide reliable internet access to residents, businesses, and schools on the island, where less than full connectivity has been a long-standing problem. Moore is the first governor to visit Smith Island since 1999, underscoring the administration’s focus on reaching often-overlooked communities. Residents welcomed the infrastructure improvement, noting that high-speed internet can enhance education, healthcare access, small business growth, and overall quality of life. Moore, a Democrat, has made broadband access a central part of his infrastructure agenda, with similar projects underway in other rural parts of the state. For Smith Island, this connection represents a long-awaited lifeline to the wider world, and a signal that Maryland’s leaders are paying attention.
By CSES Staff October 1, 2025
Wicomico County Councilman James Winn (R-At Large) drew criticism at the Sept. 16 council meeting because of his extended religious rant that included pulling out a Bible and declaring he would “pray for non-Christians” in the wake of right-wing activist Charlie Kirk’s shooting death. During the meeting’s public remarks portion, Winn shifted from county business to a sermon-like address. He held up a Bible, quoted passages, and suggested that residents who do not identify as Christians need his prayers and guidance. Winn tied his comments to the recent death of Kirk, co-founder of Turning Point USA, framing it as a moment for Wicomico residents to recommit to Christian values. Several attendees called the outburst inappropriate for a public governmental meeting, noting that Winn blurred the line between his own religious faith and his role as an elected official. Critics argued the comments excluded non-Christian residents and showed a lack of respect for the county’s religious diversity. The council meeting continued after Winn’s remarks. Still, the episode has drawn sharp reactions on social media, with some residents calling the behavior “embarrassing” and “unbecoming of an elected leader.” Others are defending Winn, saying he was exercising his free speech and sharing a message of faith in a difficult moment. Council leadership did not formally intercede during the meeting. However, community members are suggesting that the county ought to adopt clear standards to prevent religious proselytizing during official sessions. The controversy arises as Wicomico County confronts pressing local issues, including land use debates and the fallout from its immigration enforcement partnership with ICE. For some residents, Winn’s comments were perceived as a distraction from the county's real work of governance.
Show More