Current Schism in the United Methodist Church Is Not Without Precedent; Only the Cause Has Changed

George Shivers • August 22, 2023


The United Methodist Church is no longer as united as it was in 1968.

 

That’s when the Methodist Church was joined by the Evangelical United Brethren, forming the United Methodist Church.

 

Methodism in the United States began at the end of the 18th Century during the Great Awakening, the spread of religious faith due to the missionary zeal of Methodist, Baptist, and Presbyterian missionaries.

 

After the Methodist Episcopal Church was founded in America in 1784, there were several schisms and reunions. Here is a short timetable:

 

  • 1816 — Black Methodists withdrew to form the African Methodist Episcopal Church.
  • 1821 — Black Methodists withdrew to form yet another denomination, the African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church.
  • 1828 — The Methodist Protestant Church was formed when members withdrew from the Methodist Episcopal Church over questions of governance, seeking a more democratic organization and eliminating bishops.
  • 1845 — Slavery resulted in yet another schism when Methodists in the South withdrew to form the Methodist Episcopal Church, South. That was the last major loss to the denomination; in the 20th Century union became the watchword.
  • 1939 — Northern and Southern Methodists, along with the Methodist Protestants, reunited.
  • 1968 — They were joined by the Evangelical United Brethren to form the United Methodist denomination.

 

In 2023, there are again major disagreements about church doctrine that threaten the unity of the church. Whereas the divisions of the 19th Century resulted from disagreements over governance and slavery, the current schism has resulted from a major change in the denomination’s positions on sexuality — specifically, the prohibitions on the ordination of LGBTQ+ persons and the performance of gay marriages have now been removed. 

 

As a global denomination, opposition to liberalization has come primarily from the Methodist churches in Africa, as well as those in the southern United States. The denomination was, however, already moving toward a relaxing of the rules governing sexuality. In 2020, a group of UMC leaders developed a plan for a friendly separation called “Protocol of Reconciliation and Grace Through Separation.” It was approved at the General Conference later that year.

 

The General Conference also approved a new church law giving UMC churches a path to leave the denomination and retain ownership of church buildings and property. For that to happen, two-thirds of a congregation must approve and agree to pay their fair share of clergy pension liabilities and two years of apportionments to the UMC. This arrangement will end at the end of 2023. 

 

How is all this turmoil affecting the Eastern Shore? If you’ve driven around the Delmarva peninsula, you will have noticed the abundance of United Methodist Churches. After all, Francis Asbury and other 18th Century missionaries spent a lot of time in this area, preaching and helping to organize congregations.

 

But since June 2023, when the General Conference approved a Disaffiliation Resolution, 96 churches in Delaware and Maryland’s Eastern Shore have presented resolutions to leave the denomination. Some of the departing congregations are joining the conservative Global Methodist Church. Others are choosing not to affiliate with any denomination.

 

The list of disaffiliating congregations and full text of the Resolutions of Disaffiliation can be found at this link.

 

The only basis for disaffiliation that is officially accepted is opposition to the new policies on sexuality. It has been suggested, however, that some churches that are leaving the denomination are ready to use that reason, but at the same time are expressing a more general dissatisfaction with the church.

 

In Cecil County, 14 congregations have left the denomination. One of the departing clergy is the Rev. Tim Beardsley, who is quoted in the Cecil Whig as stating, “The United Methodist Church became very wide in its beliefs.” He went on to say that the split was not about sexuality but about the primacy of scripture. Beardsley also said, “The Global Methodist Church is about the scripture, the authority of scripture, and our historic faith.”

 

What about the minority of congregants in the departing churches who voted against the exodus? The Peninsula Delaware Conference will put them in touch with what they are calling “lighthouse churches.” These are other United Methodist Churches that are ready to welcome newcomers.

 

The United Methodist Church is only the latest of the mainline Protestant churches to adopt a more liberal position on sexuality.

  • In 1972, the United Church of Christ was the first mainline Protestant Church to ordain a gay minister and was also the first to affirm marriage equality of all people in 2005.
  • In 1994, the General Convention of the Episcopal Church amended its canons to prohibit discrimination based on sexual orientation, including in the ordination of clergy.
  • Nine years later, the Diocese of New Hampshire elected the denomination’s first gay bishop.
  • In 2015, the denomination declared that same-sex couples have the right to be married in the church.
  • The Evangelical Lutheran Church has passed several resolutions to welcome LGBTQ+ persons since 1991.
  • In 2011, the United Presbyterian Church permitted the ordination of gay ministers and in 2014, the General Assembly of the denomination ruled that the denomination’s clergy could use their own judgement on performing same-sex marriages.

 

The Lewis Center for Church Studies, affiliated with Wesley UM Seminary, did two studies (in 2019 and 2023) of the effects of changes of the church’s position on sexuality. The 2019 study showed that departing churches were overwhelmingly from the Southeastern and South-Central jurisdictions (84%) and were more likely to be White congregations led by a White male pastor. According to the study, in 2019 there were 30,500 congregations in the U.S. By the end of 2022, about 2,000 had exited.

 

The 2023 study identified 6,155 churches that had disaffiliated between 2019 and the end of June 2023. In the new study, while disaffiliations in the Southeastern and South-Central jurisdictions continued to be high, they now account for 70% of the total, down from 84%. The study also showed that those two jurisdictions no longer have most UM churches in the U.S.

 

In the short term, there will continue to be much soul searching, thought, and discussion among clergy and congregants to decide how to navigate these turbulent times. Faith can only help.



Below is one of the many graphs from the Lewis Center's studies on disaffiliation. Additional graphs can be seen online.


A native of Wicomico County, George Shivers holds a doctorate from the University of Maryland and taught in the Foreign Language Dept. of Washington College for 38 years before retiring in 2007. He is also very interested in the history and culture of the Eastern Shore, African American history in particular.



Common Sense for the Eastern Shore

By Friends of Megan Outten July 29, 2025
Megan Outten, a lifelong Wicomico County resident and former Salisbury City Councilwoman, officially announced her candidacy recently for Wicomico County Council, District 7. At 33, Outten brings the energy of a new generation combined with a proven record of public service and results-driven leadership. “I’m running because Wicomico deserves better,” Outten said. “Too often, our communities are expected to do more with less. We’re facing underfunded schools, limited economic opportunities, and years of neglected infrastructure. I believe Wicomico deserves leadership that listens, plans ahead, and delivers real, measurable results.” A Record of Action and A Vision for the Future On Salisbury’s City Council, Outten earned a reputation for her proactive, hands-on approach — working directly with residents to close infrastructure gaps, support first responders, and ensure everyday voices were heard. Now she’s bringing that same focus to the County Council, with priorities centered on affordability, public safety, and stronger, more resilient communities. Key Priorities for District 7: Fully fund public schools so every child has the opportunity to succeed. Fix aging infrastructure and county services through proactive investment. Keep Wicomico affordable with smarter planning and pathways to homeownership. Support first responders and safer neighborhoods through better tools, training, and prevention. Expand resources for seniors, youth, and underserved communities. Outten’s platform is rooted in real data and shaped by direct community engagement. With Wicomico now the fastest-growing school system on Maryland’s Eastern Shore — and 85% of students relying on extra resources — she points to the county’s lagging investment as a key area for action. “Strong schools lead to strong jobs, thriving industries, and healthier communities,” Outten said. “Our schools and infrastructure are at a tipping point. We need leadership that stops reacting after things break — and starts investing before they do.” A Commitment to Home and Service Born and raised in Wicomico, Megan Outten sees this campaign as a continuation of her lifelong service to her community. Her vision reflects what she’s hearing from neighbors across the county: a demand for fairness, opportunity, and accountability in local government. “Wicomico is my home; it’s where I grew up, built my life, and where I want to raise my family,” Outten said. “Our county is full of potential. We just need leaders who will listen, work hard, and get things done. That’s what I’ve always done, and that’s exactly what I’ll continue to do on the County Council.” Outten will be meeting with residents across District 7 in the months ahead and unveiling more details of her platform. For more information or to get involved, contact info@meganoutten.com
By John Christie July 29, 2025
Way back in 1935, the Supreme Court determined that independent agencies like the Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC), the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) and the Merit Systems Protection Board (MSPB) do not violate the Constitution’s separation of powers. Humphrey’s Executor v. United States (1935). Congress provided that the CPSC, like the NLRB and MSPB, would operate as an independent agency — a multi-member, bipartisan commission whose members serve staggered terms and could be removed only “for neglect of duty or malfeasance in office but for no other cause.” Rejecting a claim that the removal restriction interferes with the “executive power,” the Humphrey’s Court held that Congress has the authority to “forbid their [members’] removal except for cause” when creating such “quasi-legislative or quasi-judicial” bodies. As a result, these agencies have operated as independent agencies for many decades under many different presidencies. Shortly after assuming office in his second term, Donald Trump began to fire, without cause, the Democratic members of several of these agencies. The lower courts determined to reinstate the discharged members pending the ultimate outcome of the litigation, relying on Humphrey’s , resulting in yet another emergency appeal to the Supreme Court by the administration. In the first such case, a majority of the Court allowed President Trump to discharge the Democratic members of the NLRB and the MSPB while the litigation over the legality of the discharges continued. Trump v. Wilcox (May 22, 2025). The majority claimed that they do not now decide whether Humphrey’s should be overruled because “that question is better left for resolution after full briefing and argument.” However, hinting that these agency members have “considerable” executive power and suggesting that “the Government” faces greater “risk of harm” from an order allowing a removed officer to continue exercising the executive power than a wrongfully removed officer faces from being unable to perform her statutory duty,” the majority gave the President the green light to proceed. Justice Kagan, joined by Justices Sotomayor and Jackson, dissented, asserting that Humphrey’s remains good law until overturned and forecloses both the President’s firings and the Court’s decision to award emergency relief.” Our emergency docket, while fit for some things, should not be used to “overrule or revise existing law.” Moreover, the dissenters contend that the majority’s effort to explain their decision “hardly rises to the occasion.” Maybe by saying that the Commissioners exercise “considerable” executive power, the majority is suggesting that Humphrey’s is no longer good law but if that is what the majority means, then it has foretold a “massive change” in the law and done so on the emergency docket, “with little time, scant briefing, and no argument.” And, the “greater risk of harm” in fact is that Congress provided for these discharged members to serve their full terms, protected from a President’s desire to substitute his political allies. More recently, in the latest shadow docket ruling in the administration’s favor, the same majority of the Court again permitted President Trump to fire, without cause, the Democratic members of another independent agency, this time the Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC). Trump v. Boyle (July 23, 2025). The same three justices dissented, once more objecting to the use of the Court’s emergency docket to destroy the independence of an independent agency as established by Congress. The CPSC, like the NLRB and MSPB, was designed to operate as “a classic independent agency.” In Congress’s view, that structure would better enable the CPSC to achieve its mission — ensuring the safety of consumer products, from toys to appliances — than would a single-party agency under the full control of a single President. “By allowing the President to remove Commissioners for no reason other than their party affiliation, the majority has negated Congress’s choice of agency bipartisanship and independence.” The dissenters also assert that the majority’s sole professed basis for the more recent order in Boyle was its prior order in Wilcox . But in their opinion, Wilcox itself was minimally explained. So, the dissenters claim, the majority rejects the design of Congress for a whole class of agencies by “layering nothing on nothing.” “Next time, though, the majority will have two (if still under-reasoned) orders to cite. Truly, this is ‘turtles all the way down.’” Rapanos v. United States (2006). * ***** *In Rapanos , in a footnote to his plurality opinion, former Supreme Court Justice Scalia explained that this allusion is to a classic story told in different forms and attributed to various authors. His favorite version: An Eastern guru affirms that the earth is supported on the back of a tiger. When asked what supports the tiger, he says it stands upon an elephant; and when asked what supports the elephant, he says it is a giant turtle. When asked, finally, what supports the giant turtle, he is briefly taken aback, but quickly replies "Ah, after that it is turtles all the way down." John Christie was for many years a senior partner in a large Washington, D.C. law firm. He specialized in anti-trust litigation and developed a keen interest in the U.S. Supreme Court about which he lectures and writes.
By Shore Progress, Progessive Maryland, Progressive Harford Co July 15, 2025
Marylanders will not forget this vote.
Protest against Trumpcare, 2017
By Jan Plotczyk July 9, 2025
More than 30,000 of our neighbors in Maryland’s first congressional district will lose their health insurance through the Affordable Care Act and Medicaid because of provisions in the GOP’s heartless tax cut and spending bill passed last week.
Farm in Dorchester Co.
By Michael Chameides, Barn Raiser May 21, 2025
Right now, Congress is working on a fast-track bill that would make historic cuts to basic needs programs in order to finance another round of tax breaks for the wealthy and big corporations.
By Catlin Nchako, Center on Budget and Policy Priorities May 21, 2025
The House Agriculture Committee recently voted, along party lines, to advance legislation that would cut as much as $300 million from the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program. SNAP is the nation’s most important anti-hunger program, helping more than 41 million people in the U.S. pay for food. With potential cuts this large, it helps to know who benefits from this program in Maryland, and who would lose this assistance. The Center on Budget and Policy Priorities compiled data on SNAP beneficiaries by congressional district, cited below, and produced the Maryland state datasheet , shown below. In Maryland, in 2023-24, 1 in 9 people lived in a household with SNAP benefits. In Maryland’s First Congressional District, in 2023-24: Almost 34,000 households used SNAP benefits. Of those households, 43% had at least one senior (over age 60). 29% of SNAP recipients were people of color. 15% were Black, non-Hispanic, higher than 11.8% nationally. 6% were Hispanic (19.4% nationally). There were 24,700 total veterans (ages 18-64). Of those, 2,200 lived in households that used SNAP benefits (9%). The CBPP SNAP datasheet for Maryland is below. See data from all the states and download factsheets here.
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