Naturalized Citizens Know More About Civics than Many of Us

Jan Plotczyk • November 24, 2020

Tommy Tuberville, the incoming Alabama United States senator, made headlines recently for remarks exposing severe limitations in his knowledge of U.S. history and government.

He misidentified the three branches of government as the House, Senate, and executive. He said that World War II was fought was to liberate Europe from socialism. He said that in 2000, Al Gore was president-elect for 30 days before the Supreme Court stepped in and declared George W. Bush president. He also claimed he will use his Senate office to raise money for the two Georgia Republican candidates in their January run-off election.

(Real answers: legislative, executive, and judiciary; fascism; neither was president-elect until SCOTUS decision; Senate ethics rules bar the use of official resources for campaign purposes.)

Unfortunately, he’s not the only American with huge gaps in learning. In the 2020 Annenberg Constitution Day Civics Survey, only 51 percent of respondents could name the three branches of government, which is an improvement over the 39 percent last year, however.

On a related subject, there is a new version of the U.S. Civics Test for Naturalization that will be used starting December 1, 2020. This test encompasses the knowledge of U.S. government and history that the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Service has decided is essential for people to know before they can become citizens.

Passing the test is one of the steps in applying for U.S. citizenship, along with paying a fee, clearing background checks, and demonstrating basic English-speaking ability. The test is oral and is administered by a USCIS officer. It is not multiple choice. Passing is 60 percent. Questions are chosen by the tester from a long list of possibilities that the applicant can and should study in advance. The instruction webpage states: “Although USCIS is aware that there may be additional correct answers to the civics questions, applicants are encouraged to respond to the questions using the answers provided below.” So, better to memorize answers and don’t be creative.

There are some notable differences between the previous (2008) version of the test and the new 2020 version. Immigration advocates claim that the new version is not only longer and more difficult, but more politicized, and is just one more obstacle to citizenship. Many are calling for President-elect Biden to reinstate the 2008 version when he takes office.

Applicants must now answer 12 of 20 questions correctly, rather than six of 10. The number of questions to study has increased from 100 to 128. In the past, testers would often halt the test once the 60 percent threshold was passed; now all 20 questions must be answered.

One of the questions asks, “Who does a U.S. senator represent?” The answer in the 2008 version was “all people of the state.” The answer in the 2020 version is “citizens of their state,” reflecting the Trump administration preference for excluding undocumented immigrants.

The newer questions include technical questions about government, for example, “What is the form of government of the United States?” (Possible answers include Republic, Constitution-based federal republic, and Representative democracy.)

Another example of the changes is that applicants no longer need to know that the Pacific Ocean is off the west coast, but they must name five of the original 13 colonies instead of three.

At least 10,500 residents of the Eastern Shore have passed the test to become naturalized citizens of the U.S. Numbers of naturalized citizens range from 216 in Kent County to 3,286 in Wicomico. The percent of foreign-born residents who are naturalized citizens ranges from 29.5 percent in Kent County to 56.5 percent in Cecil.

These naturalized citizens have shown a greater willingness to learn about their adopted country than some lawmakers. Why shouldn’t our elected officials be expected to possess the same knowledge that our naturalized citizens have?



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Test your knowledge! Take the citizenship civics test.

 

If an applicant for citizenship is 65 years or older and has been a lawful resident of the U.S. for 20 years or more, this shorter civics test can be taken.

 

Click on the button below the questions to see the answers.

 

1.       What is the supreme law of the land?

2.       How many amendments does the U.S. Constitution have?

3.       What is the economic system of the United States?

4.       Name one power of the U.S. Congress.

5.       What is the name of the Speaker of the House of Representatives now?

6.       The President of the United States is elected for how many years?

7.       What is the name of the President of the United States now?

8.       What is the name of the Vice President of the United States now?

9.       Who vetoes bills?

10.   What is the highest court in the United States?

11.   Who is the governor of your state now?

12.   What do we show loyalty to when we say the Pledge of Allegiance?

13.   Who lived in America before the Europeans arrived?

14.   Who wrote the Declaration of Independence?

15.   George Washington is famous for many things. Name one.

16.   Abraham Lincoln is famous for many things. Name one.

17.   Martin Luther King, Jr. is famous for many things. Name one.

18.   What major event happened on September 11, 2001 in the United States?

19.   Why does the flag have 13 stripes?

20.   Name three national U.S. holidays.


Click to see answers


Click on the button below to see all 128 possible questions with answers.


Click to see entire test


We’d be interested in hearing your thoughts on:

  • The 128 questions (do these represent what you think is the most important knowledge for naturalized citizens?)
  • The short 20-question version (are these the questions you would have chosen?)

 

To comment, click the button below.


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Jan Plotczyk spent 25 years as a survey statistician with the federal government, at the Census Bureau and the National Center for Education Statistics. She retired to Rock Hall.


Common Sense for the Eastern Shore

By Friends of Megan Outten July 29, 2025
Megan Outten, a lifelong Wicomico County resident and former Salisbury City Councilwoman, officially announced her candidacy recently for Wicomico County Council, District 7. At 33, Outten brings the energy of a new generation combined with a proven record of public service and results-driven leadership. “I’m running because Wicomico deserves better,” Outten said. “Too often, our communities are expected to do more with less. We’re facing underfunded schools, limited economic opportunities, and years of neglected infrastructure. I believe Wicomico deserves leadership that listens, plans ahead, and delivers real, measurable results.” A Record of Action and A Vision for the Future On Salisbury’s City Council, Outten earned a reputation for her proactive, hands-on approach — working directly with residents to close infrastructure gaps, support first responders, and ensure everyday voices were heard. Now she’s bringing that same focus to the County Council, with priorities centered on affordability, public safety, and stronger, more resilient communities. Key Priorities for District 7: Fully fund public schools so every child has the opportunity to succeed. Fix aging infrastructure and county services through proactive investment. Keep Wicomico affordable with smarter planning and pathways to homeownership. Support first responders and safer neighborhoods through better tools, training, and prevention. Expand resources for seniors, youth, and underserved communities. Outten’s platform is rooted in real data and shaped by direct community engagement. With Wicomico now the fastest-growing school system on Maryland’s Eastern Shore — and 85% of students relying on extra resources — she points to the county’s lagging investment as a key area for action. “Strong schools lead to strong jobs, thriving industries, and healthier communities,” Outten said. “Our schools and infrastructure are at a tipping point. We need leadership that stops reacting after things break — and starts investing before they do.” A Commitment to Home and Service Born and raised in Wicomico, Megan Outten sees this campaign as a continuation of her lifelong service to her community. Her vision reflects what she’s hearing from neighbors across the county: a demand for fairness, opportunity, and accountability in local government. “Wicomico is my home; it’s where I grew up, built my life, and where I want to raise my family,” Outten said. “Our county is full of potential. We just need leaders who will listen, work hard, and get things done. That’s what I’ve always done, and that’s exactly what I’ll continue to do on the County Council.” Outten will be meeting with residents across District 7 in the months ahead and unveiling more details of her platform. For more information or to get involved, contact info@meganoutten.com
By John Christie July 29, 2025
Way back in 1935, the Supreme Court determined that independent agencies like the Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC), the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) and the Merit Systems Protection Board (MSPB) do not violate the Constitution’s separation of powers. Humphrey’s Executor v. United States (1935). Congress provided that the CPSC, like the NLRB and MSPB, would operate as an independent agency — a multi-member, bipartisan commission whose members serve staggered terms and could be removed only “for neglect of duty or malfeasance in office but for no other cause.” Rejecting a claim that the removal restriction interferes with the “executive power,” the Humphrey’s Court held that Congress has the authority to “forbid their [members’] removal except for cause” when creating such “quasi-legislative or quasi-judicial” bodies. As a result, these agencies have operated as independent agencies for many decades under many different presidencies. Shortly after assuming office in his second term, Donald Trump began to fire, without cause, the Democratic members of several of these agencies. The lower courts determined to reinstate the discharged members pending the ultimate outcome of the litigation, relying on Humphrey’s , resulting in yet another emergency appeal to the Supreme Court by the administration. In the first such case, a majority of the Court allowed President Trump to discharge the Democratic members of the NLRB and the MSPB while the litigation over the legality of the discharges continued. Trump v. Wilcox (May 22, 2025). The majority claimed that they do not now decide whether Humphrey’s should be overruled because “that question is better left for resolution after full briefing and argument.” However, hinting that these agency members have “considerable” executive power and suggesting that “the Government” faces greater “risk of harm” from an order allowing a removed officer to continue exercising the executive power than a wrongfully removed officer faces from being unable to perform her statutory duty,” the majority gave the President the green light to proceed. Justice Kagan, joined by Justices Sotomayor and Jackson, dissented, asserting that Humphrey’s remains good law until overturned and forecloses both the President’s firings and the Court’s decision to award emergency relief.” Our emergency docket, while fit for some things, should not be used to “overrule or revise existing law.” Moreover, the dissenters contend that the majority’s effort to explain their decision “hardly rises to the occasion.” Maybe by saying that the Commissioners exercise “considerable” executive power, the majority is suggesting that Humphrey’s is no longer good law but if that is what the majority means, then it has foretold a “massive change” in the law and done so on the emergency docket, “with little time, scant briefing, and no argument.” And, the “greater risk of harm” in fact is that Congress provided for these discharged members to serve their full terms, protected from a President’s desire to substitute his political allies. More recently, in the latest shadow docket ruling in the administration’s favor, the same majority of the Court again permitted President Trump to fire, without cause, the Democratic members of another independent agency, this time the Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC). Trump v. Boyle (July 23, 2025). The same three justices dissented, once more objecting to the use of the Court’s emergency docket to destroy the independence of an independent agency as established by Congress. The CPSC, like the NLRB and MSPB, was designed to operate as “a classic independent agency.” In Congress’s view, that structure would better enable the CPSC to achieve its mission — ensuring the safety of consumer products, from toys to appliances — than would a single-party agency under the full control of a single President. “By allowing the President to remove Commissioners for no reason other than their party affiliation, the majority has negated Congress’s choice of agency bipartisanship and independence.” The dissenters also assert that the majority’s sole professed basis for the more recent order in Boyle was its prior order in Wilcox . But in their opinion, Wilcox itself was minimally explained. So, the dissenters claim, the majority rejects the design of Congress for a whole class of agencies by “layering nothing on nothing.” “Next time, though, the majority will have two (if still under-reasoned) orders to cite. Truly, this is ‘turtles all the way down.’” Rapanos v. United States (2006). * ***** *In Rapanos , in a footnote to his plurality opinion, former Supreme Court Justice Scalia explained that this allusion is to a classic story told in different forms and attributed to various authors. His favorite version: An Eastern guru affirms that the earth is supported on the back of a tiger. When asked what supports the tiger, he says it stands upon an elephant; and when asked what supports the elephant, he says it is a giant turtle. When asked, finally, what supports the giant turtle, he is briefly taken aback, but quickly replies "Ah, after that it is turtles all the way down." John Christie was for many years a senior partner in a large Washington, D.C. law firm. He specialized in anti-trust litigation and developed a keen interest in the U.S. Supreme Court about which he lectures and writes.
By Shore Progress, Progessive Maryland, Progressive Harford Co July 15, 2025
Marylanders will not forget this vote.
Protest against Trumpcare, 2017
By Jan Plotczyk July 9, 2025
More than 30,000 of our neighbors in Maryland’s first congressional district will lose their health insurance through the Affordable Care Act and Medicaid because of provisions in the GOP’s heartless tax cut and spending bill passed last week.
Farm in Dorchester Co.
By Michael Chameides, Barn Raiser May 21, 2025
Right now, Congress is working on a fast-track bill that would make historic cuts to basic needs programs in order to finance another round of tax breaks for the wealthy and big corporations.
By Catlin Nchako, Center on Budget and Policy Priorities May 21, 2025
The House Agriculture Committee recently voted, along party lines, to advance legislation that would cut as much as $300 million from the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program. SNAP is the nation’s most important anti-hunger program, helping more than 41 million people in the U.S. pay for food. With potential cuts this large, it helps to know who benefits from this program in Maryland, and who would lose this assistance. The Center on Budget and Policy Priorities compiled data on SNAP beneficiaries by congressional district, cited below, and produced the Maryland state datasheet , shown below. In Maryland, in 2023-24, 1 in 9 people lived in a household with SNAP benefits. In Maryland’s First Congressional District, in 2023-24: Almost 34,000 households used SNAP benefits. Of those households, 43% had at least one senior (over age 60). 29% of SNAP recipients were people of color. 15% were Black, non-Hispanic, higher than 11.8% nationally. 6% were Hispanic (19.4% nationally). There were 24,700 total veterans (ages 18-64). Of those, 2,200 lived in households that used SNAP benefits (9%). The CBPP SNAP datasheet for Maryland is below. See data from all the states and download factsheets here.
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