Nicknames and Mascots, Part 1: What’s in a Name?

Jan Plotczyk • March 2, 2021
 
Since last summer, two professional sports teams have decided to change their team name and mascot. Because of the money and fan pushback involved, these decisions were not made lightly, but were the right thing to do.

In July — during the Black Lives Matter racial equality demonstrations in response to the police killing of George Floyd — the Washington D.C. franchise of the National Football League abandoned its offensive name and logo, after years of obstinately ignoring public and Native American pressure to do so.

In December, the Cleveland Indians Major League baseball team announced its intention to find another name by the 2022 season; the team's insulting caricature mascot has been retired since 2019.

And while the Atlanta Braves baseball organization has declared they will not trade in their name, they claim they are studying just how odious the trademark Tomahawk Chop cheer is.

Professional sports teams are not the only athletic teams to adopt Native American nicknames, and not the only ones to discontinue their use. In the 1960s, inspired by the civil rights movement, the National Indian Youth Council began organizing on campuses to remove Native American stereotypes in nicknames, mascots, and imagery. Several schools traded in their Indigenous nicknames as a result of these actions.

Then in 2005, the National Collegiate Athletic Association announced a policy that would prohibit NCAA member colleges and universities from displaying hostile and abusive racial/ethnic/national origin mascots, nicknames, or imagery at any of the 88 NCAA championships. This policy took effect in 2008.

Nineteen teams were cited as having potentially "hostile or abusive" names, mascots, or images. Twelve of these schools removed all references to Indigenous culture, changing their nicknames to that of intimidating wildlife like Red Wolves and Warhawks. Two were judged, upon review, not to have references to Native American culture as part of their athletics programs. Five schools were granted waivers from the policy, as they had established relationships with and received permission from applicable Native American tribes for use of the names and imagery. An additional five non-NCAA postsecondary institutions are keeping their Native American nicknames.

At the elementary and secondary levels, the Maryland State Department of Education endorsed a resolution by the Maryland Commission on Indian Affairs in 2001 encouraging schools to stop using names and mascots with stereotypical references. At that time, about half the state’s 26 schools with such references made changes. Advocates are hoping that a renewed national focus on race and racism will encourage the other schools to make changes.

Where do the high schools on the Eastern Shore stand on this issue? MascotDB, a database of all school nicknames and mascots in the country, reveals that out of 32 public and private (non-technical) high schools in the nine Eastern Shore counties, five have nicknames appropriated from Native culture:
  • North East High School Indians, Cecil County
  • Easton High School Warriors, Talbot County
  • Mardela Middle & High School Warriors, Wicomico County
  • Wicomico High School Indians, Salisbury, Wicomico County
  • Pocomoke High School Warriors, Worcester County
An email requesting information about plans for community discussions about these high school nicknames was sent to the county education administrative offices.

North East High School does not emphasize their Indians nickname on their website. The school logo incorporates an arrowhead along with the letters N and E. Sports teams are called the Indians, and the team name and arrowhead logo appear on the uniforms. In the 2019-20 school year, there were four American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) students enrolled.

 

An email from Kelly Keeton, public information officer for Cecil County Public Schools, reported: “The name, mascot, and logo of North East High School was something on which we worked with the North East/Cecil County community in 2008. Our location is rich in Native American history and we wanted to ensure that the reference to that with North East High was something that honored that, not something that was offensive in any way. The school worked with numerous groups and local citizens including those representing their Native American lineage. The consensus of all involved was that the reference was something that honored the history and heritage of the community. The logo was changed to what you see today of the arrowhead and compass. This is not something that has come up as a concern from the community for further discussion since that work.”



The Easton High School website proclaims EHS the “Home of the Warriors.” Arrowhead imagery and the Warriors name is used on sports uniforms. An email from the Talbot County Public Schools Superintendent Kelly Griffith, EdD, said that, “Changes were made to eliminate the ‘Native American warrior head’ as the logo several years ago. All have been eliminated.” In the 2019-20 school year, there were two AI/AN students enrolled.


The Mardela Middle and High School Warriors use various imagery to illustrate their choice of a Native American nickname. The sign in front of the school is decorated with a Native American chief in full feather headdress. The school seal incorporates a profile of a Native warrior with feathers. The school logo is the letter M with an arrow. The name and imagery are used on sports uniforms. In the 2019-20 school year, there was one AI/AN student enrolled.



Wicomico High School is “Home of the Indians.” A warrior head image is used in places, but seen more often is the logo with the letter W with a headband and two feathers. The school website displays the logo along with the slogans “One Tribe” and “Indian Nation.” The team name and imagery are used on sports uniforms. In the 2019-20 school year, there were four AI/AN students enrolled.


An email from Tracy Sahler, public information officer for Wicomico County Public Schools explained: "In years past when this topic has been raised for consideration, it has been our practice to bring together school officials and representatives of local Native American tribes to review and discuss all aspects and viewpoints of this issue. At Wicomico High School, for example, this collaborative process has in the past included a thorough evaluation of any Native American imagery or wording in use, with updates as needed. The process has also involved representatives of local Native American tribes presenting at the school to help students, staff and the community better connect the name of the Wicomico High Indians with the history and culture of Native Americans in Wicomico County and the area. (Wicomico County is one of only two Maryland counties with a Native American name, and a profile image of a Native American is on both the county seal and county flag.) These efforts were well received by all who participated, including staff, students and local Native Americans.

 

"The most recent time this topic was discussed, it was the preference of the tribal representatives that the school continue to use the Indians’ name and appropriate imagery as part of maintaining awareness of the heritage and culture of local Native American tribes. A similar discussion took place in the Mardela Middle and High school community.

 

"As a school system, we are open to revisiting this topic with representatives of local Native American tribes, and have reached out to see if there is an interest in a renewed dialog. There has not been a formal decision or discussion on the topic at this time."

 

The Pocomoke High School website contains many Native American references and images to illustrate their Warriors identity. The school logo is a profile Native American chief in full feather headdress. PHS is the “Warrior Nation.” There are “Warrior Ways to Success” and a “Warrior Code.” The website provides a long paragraph about Pocomoke’s proud Algonquin heritage, and an explanation about the peaceful and cooperative interactions with White traders and settlers in the area that seems inconsistent with the bellicose nickname.

 

An email from Carrie Sterrs with the Worcester County Public Schools Public Relations Office explains: “At this time, there has not been conversation in our community regarding the nickname and imagery for Pocomoke High School. While there are not currently scheduled plans for this conversation, the leadership of Worcester County Public Schools is certainly open to having this discussion with our school system community should there be a desire to do so.” In the 2019-20 school year, there were no AI/AN students enrolled.

 

* * * * *

 

So, do Native American nicknames and images honor Indigenous cultures, or are they racist appropriations that knowingly or unwittingly perpetuate stereotypes? We’ll continue this discussion in Part 2.



Sources:

Resolution of the Maryland Commission on Indian Affairs, https://aistm.org/maryland.resolution.2001.htm

MascotDB, https://www.mascotdb.com/lists/native-american-related-mascots

National Center for Education Statistics, Search for Public Schools, https://nces.ed.gov/ccd/schoolsearch/

 


Jan Plotczyk spent 25 years as a survey and education statistician with the federal government, at the Census Bureau and the National Center for Education Statistics. She retired to Rock Hall.


Common Sense for the Eastern Shore

By Friends of Megan Outten July 29, 2025
Megan Outten, a lifelong Wicomico County resident and former Salisbury City Councilwoman, officially announced her candidacy recently for Wicomico County Council, District 7. At 33, Outten brings the energy of a new generation combined with a proven record of public service and results-driven leadership. “I’m running because Wicomico deserves better,” Outten said. “Too often, our communities are expected to do more with less. We’re facing underfunded schools, limited economic opportunities, and years of neglected infrastructure. I believe Wicomico deserves leadership that listens, plans ahead, and delivers real, measurable results.” A Record of Action and A Vision for the Future On Salisbury’s City Council, Outten earned a reputation for her proactive, hands-on approach — working directly with residents to close infrastructure gaps, support first responders, and ensure everyday voices were heard. Now she’s bringing that same focus to the County Council, with priorities centered on affordability, public safety, and stronger, more resilient communities. Key Priorities for District 7: Fully fund public schools so every child has the opportunity to succeed. Fix aging infrastructure and county services through proactive investment. Keep Wicomico affordable with smarter planning and pathways to homeownership. Support first responders and safer neighborhoods through better tools, training, and prevention. Expand resources for seniors, youth, and underserved communities. Outten’s platform is rooted in real data and shaped by direct community engagement. With Wicomico now the fastest-growing school system on Maryland’s Eastern Shore — and 85% of students relying on extra resources — she points to the county’s lagging investment as a key area for action. “Strong schools lead to strong jobs, thriving industries, and healthier communities,” Outten said. “Our schools and infrastructure are at a tipping point. We need leadership that stops reacting after things break — and starts investing before they do.” A Commitment to Home and Service Born and raised in Wicomico, Megan Outten sees this campaign as a continuation of her lifelong service to her community. Her vision reflects what she’s hearing from neighbors across the county: a demand for fairness, opportunity, and accountability in local government. “Wicomico is my home; it’s where I grew up, built my life, and where I want to raise my family,” Outten said. “Our county is full of potential. We just need leaders who will listen, work hard, and get things done. That’s what I’ve always done, and that’s exactly what I’ll continue to do on the County Council.” Outten will be meeting with residents across District 7 in the months ahead and unveiling more details of her platform. For more information or to get involved, contact info@meganoutten.com
By John Christie July 29, 2025
Way back in 1935, the Supreme Court determined that independent agencies like the Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC), the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) and the Merit Systems Protection Board (MSPB) do not violate the Constitution’s separation of powers. Humphrey’s Executor v. United States (1935). Congress provided that the CPSC, like the NLRB and MSPB, would operate as an independent agency — a multi-member, bipartisan commission whose members serve staggered terms and could be removed only “for neglect of duty or malfeasance in office but for no other cause.” Rejecting a claim that the removal restriction interferes with the “executive power,” the Humphrey’s Court held that Congress has the authority to “forbid their [members’] removal except for cause” when creating such “quasi-legislative or quasi-judicial” bodies. As a result, these agencies have operated as independent agencies for many decades under many different presidencies. Shortly after assuming office in his second term, Donald Trump began to fire, without cause, the Democratic members of several of these agencies. The lower courts determined to reinstate the discharged members pending the ultimate outcome of the litigation, relying on Humphrey’s , resulting in yet another emergency appeal to the Supreme Court by the administration. In the first such case, a majority of the Court allowed President Trump to discharge the Democratic members of the NLRB and the MSPB while the litigation over the legality of the discharges continued. Trump v. Wilcox (May 22, 2025). The majority claimed that they do not now decide whether Humphrey’s should be overruled because “that question is better left for resolution after full briefing and argument.” However, hinting that these agency members have “considerable” executive power and suggesting that “the Government” faces greater “risk of harm” from an order allowing a removed officer to continue exercising the executive power than a wrongfully removed officer faces from being unable to perform her statutory duty,” the majority gave the President the green light to proceed. Justice Kagan, joined by Justices Sotomayor and Jackson, dissented, asserting that Humphrey’s remains good law until overturned and forecloses both the President’s firings and the Court’s decision to award emergency relief.” Our emergency docket, while fit for some things, should not be used to “overrule or revise existing law.” Moreover, the dissenters contend that the majority’s effort to explain their decision “hardly rises to the occasion.” Maybe by saying that the Commissioners exercise “considerable” executive power, the majority is suggesting that Humphrey’s is no longer good law but if that is what the majority means, then it has foretold a “massive change” in the law and done so on the emergency docket, “with little time, scant briefing, and no argument.” And, the “greater risk of harm” in fact is that Congress provided for these discharged members to serve their full terms, protected from a President’s desire to substitute his political allies. More recently, in the latest shadow docket ruling in the administration’s favor, the same majority of the Court again permitted President Trump to fire, without cause, the Democratic members of another independent agency, this time the Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC). Trump v. Boyle (July 23, 2025). The same three justices dissented, once more objecting to the use of the Court’s emergency docket to destroy the independence of an independent agency as established by Congress. The CPSC, like the NLRB and MSPB, was designed to operate as “a classic independent agency.” In Congress’s view, that structure would better enable the CPSC to achieve its mission — ensuring the safety of consumer products, from toys to appliances — than would a single-party agency under the full control of a single President. “By allowing the President to remove Commissioners for no reason other than their party affiliation, the majority has negated Congress’s choice of agency bipartisanship and independence.” The dissenters also assert that the majority’s sole professed basis for the more recent order in Boyle was its prior order in Wilcox . But in their opinion, Wilcox itself was minimally explained. So, the dissenters claim, the majority rejects the design of Congress for a whole class of agencies by “layering nothing on nothing.” “Next time, though, the majority will have two (if still under-reasoned) orders to cite. Truly, this is ‘turtles all the way down.’” Rapanos v. United States (2006). * ***** *In Rapanos , in a footnote to his plurality opinion, former Supreme Court Justice Scalia explained that this allusion is to a classic story told in different forms and attributed to various authors. His favorite version: An Eastern guru affirms that the earth is supported on the back of a tiger. When asked what supports the tiger, he says it stands upon an elephant; and when asked what supports the elephant, he says it is a giant turtle. When asked, finally, what supports the giant turtle, he is briefly taken aback, but quickly replies "Ah, after that it is turtles all the way down." John Christie was for many years a senior partner in a large Washington, D.C. law firm. He specialized in anti-trust litigation and developed a keen interest in the U.S. Supreme Court about which he lectures and writes.
By Shore Progress, Progessive Maryland, Progressive Harford Co July 15, 2025
Marylanders will not forget this vote.
Protest against Trumpcare, 2017
By Jan Plotczyk July 9, 2025
More than 30,000 of our neighbors in Maryland’s first congressional district will lose their health insurance through the Affordable Care Act and Medicaid because of provisions in the GOP’s heartless tax cut and spending bill passed last week.
Farm in Dorchester Co.
By Michael Chameides, Barn Raiser May 21, 2025
Right now, Congress is working on a fast-track bill that would make historic cuts to basic needs programs in order to finance another round of tax breaks for the wealthy and big corporations.
By Catlin Nchako, Center on Budget and Policy Priorities May 21, 2025
The House Agriculture Committee recently voted, along party lines, to advance legislation that would cut as much as $300 million from the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program. SNAP is the nation’s most important anti-hunger program, helping more than 41 million people in the U.S. pay for food. With potential cuts this large, it helps to know who benefits from this program in Maryland, and who would lose this assistance. The Center on Budget and Policy Priorities compiled data on SNAP beneficiaries by congressional district, cited below, and produced the Maryland state datasheet , shown below. In Maryland, in 2023-24, 1 in 9 people lived in a household with SNAP benefits. In Maryland’s First Congressional District, in 2023-24: Almost 34,000 households used SNAP benefits. Of those households, 43% had at least one senior (over age 60). 29% of SNAP recipients were people of color. 15% were Black, non-Hispanic, higher than 11.8% nationally. 6% were Hispanic (19.4% nationally). There were 24,700 total veterans (ages 18-64). Of those, 2,200 lived in households that used SNAP benefits (9%). The CBPP SNAP datasheet for Maryland is below. See data from all the states and download factsheets here.
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